Comparative Study of Bacterial Response to NutrientAmendments and Hydrocarbon Removal through Leaching During Remediation IntroductionCrude oil spill is a leading and global environmental problem (Ibiene et al. 2011). Though the leading source of energy globally, hydrocarbon exploration and production can lead to severe environmental problems through spills from accidents, sabotage, equipment failure and human error (Nwaguma et al. 2016). Hydrocarbon exploration and production in the Niger Delta dating back to 1948 has led to devastating destruction of farmlands, aquaculture, creeks and wetlands (UNEP 2011; Anejionu et al. 2015). While the leading source of hydrocarbon spills in the Niger Delta can be historically traced to the activities of Multi-national oil companies (UNEP 2011), artisanal refining with little or no regard for the environment has also emerged as a leading and disturbing cause of hydrocarbon spills in the region (Pa et al. 2013;Chikere et al. 2019).Bioremediation is a cost effective method for dealing with hydrocarbon spills and reducing both its toxicity and risk (Ichor et al. 2014). In the Niger Delta, the environmental conditions (frequent rainfall, suitable temperature) are deemed favourable for accelerated hydrocarbon degradation compared to other regions of the world (Brown et al. 2017). However availability of nutrients can limit microbial proliferation and thus, the rate of hydrocarbon degradation (Azubuike et al. 2016). Nutrients can be supplied during remediation in either organic or inorganic forms (Chikere and Azubuike 2012). The use of organic based nutrient amendment is encouraged as it has the tendency of improving the oilpolluted soil biological and physicochemical properties (Odokuma and Dickson 2004;Zhang et al. 2009). On the other hand, inorganic fertilizers can lead to adverse effect on the soil pH, organic carbon and enzymatic activities in the soil(Li et
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