The purpose of this study is to investigate the minimum paste volume required with an appropriate water-tocementitious ratio (w/cm) to achieve required workability, strength, and durability requirements of concrete mixtures for pavements. In this experimental program, 64 concrete mixtures with varying w/cm, cementitious content, and binder type were prepared and tested. The fine aggregateto-total aggregate ratio was held constant for all the mixtures. Fresh and hardened concrete properties of the mixtures were determined at various ages. Test results have shown that approximately 1.5 times more paste by volume is required than voids between the aggregates to achieve a minimum performance in concrete for pavements. For a given w/ cm, strength is independent of cementitious content after a critical value is provided. When w/cm is constant, increasing paste content increased chloride penetrability and air permeability. Keywordsconcrete, mix design, mix optimization, mix proportioning, paste-to-voids volume ratio, pavements, durability, compressive strength, permeability, fly ash, slag Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yurdakul, E., Taylor, P. C., . 1943-5533.0000728, Vol. 25, No. 12, pp. 1840-1851. Disciplines Civil and Environmental Engineering | Construction Engineering and Management Comments This is a manuscript of an article from Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering"Effect of Paste-to-Voids Volume Ratio on the Performance of Concrete Mixtures," ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT. MT1559 Effect of paste-to-voids volume ratio on the performance of concrete mixtures ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to investigate the minimum paste volume required with an appropriate water-to-cementitious ratio (w/cm) to achieve required workability, strength and durability requirements of concrete mixtures for pavements. In this experimental program, 64 concrete mixtures with varying w/cm, cementitious content and binder type were prepared and tested. The fine aggregate-to-total aggregate ratio was held constant for all the mixtures. Fresh and hardened concrete properties of the mixtures were determined at various ages.Test results have shown that approximately 1.5 times more paste by volume is required than voids between the aggregates to achieve a minimum performance in concrete for pavements. For a given w/cm, strength is independent of cementitious content after a critical value is provided. When w/cm is constant, increasing paste content increased chloride penetrability and air permeability.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of water-to-binder ratio (w/b), air content, and type of cementitious material on the fresh and hardened properties of binary and ternary blended concrete mixtures in pavements. This experimental program prepared a total matrix of 54 mixtures with w/b of 0.40 and 0.45; nominal air content of 2, 4, and 8%; and three types of supplementary cementitious materials and one ordinary portland cement in different combinations. Binder systems included ordinary portland cement, binary mixtures with slag cement, Classes F and C fly ash, and ternary mixtures containing a combination of slag cement and one type of fly ash.Workability, total air content, air void system parameters (i.e., spacing factor and specific surface) in fresh concrete, setting time, compressive strength, surface resistivity, and shrinkage were determined. Test results showed that ternary mixtures followed the trends of their constituent materials. Binary and ternary mixtures containing Class C fly ash and slag cement exhibited higher compressive strength than the control mixture. The surface resistivity and shrinkage results of binary and ternary mixtures were equal to or improved over the control mixture. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Yurdakul, E., Taylor, P. C., ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of water-to-binder ratio (w/b), air content, and type of cementitious materials on fresh and hardened properties of binary and ternary blended concrete mixtures in pavements. In this experimental program, a total matrix of 54 mixtures with w/b of 0.40 and 0.45; nominal air content of 2%, 4% and 8%; and three types of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and one ordinary portland cement at different combinations was prepared. Binder systems included ordinary portland cement, binary mixtures with slag cement, Class F and C fly ash, and ternary mixtures containing a combination of slag cement and one type of fly ash. Workability, total air content, air-void system parameters (i.e., spacing factor and specific surface) in fresh concrete, setting time, compressive strength, surface resistivity, and shrinkage were determined.Test results showed that ternary mixtures followed the trends of their constituent materials. Binary and ternary mixtures containing Class C fly ash and slag cement exhibited higher compressive strength than the control mixture. The surface resistivity and shrinkage results of binary and ternary mixtures were equal or improved compared to the control mixture.
This paper presents the results of laboratory and field experiments conducted for a major ground support operation to assess the performance of wet-mix shotcrete incorporating various chemical admixtures. The project had an alkali-silica reaction (ASR) risk due to the aggregates available in the region being reactive. Therefore, a customised mix design was prepared and specialty chemical admixtures formulated with the latest available technologies were selected to mitigate the ASR while meeting the project specifications. The performance of the proposed system, which contained 25% fly ash and 0.8% of pozzolanic-based rheology control agent, was compared with the reference mix containing 8% silica fume as well as the target performance limits of the project. Test results showed that, when compared to the reference mix, the proposed system improved the shotcrete performance by reducing the ASR potential, increasing early-age strength, enhancing sprayability by increasing the stickiness and cohesiveness, and meeting later-age strength, toughness, and durability requirements.
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