We apply a new approach for the δ13C analysis of single organic‐walled microfossils (OWM) to three sites in the Appalachian Basin of New York (AB) that span the Late Devonian Biotic Crisis (LDBC). Our data provide new insights into the nature of the Frasnian–Famennian carbon cycle in the AB and also provide possible constraints on the paleoecology of enigmatic OWM ubiquitous in Paleozoic shale successions. The carbon isotope compositions of OWM are consistent with normal marine organic matter of autochthonous origins and range from −32 to −17‰, but average −25‰ across all samples and are consistently 13C‐enriched compared to bulk sediments (δ13Cbulk) by ~0–10‰. We observe no difference between the δ13COWM of leiospheres (smooth‐walled) and acanthomorphic (spinose) acritarch OWM, indicating that our data are driven by ecological rather than taxonomic signals. We hypothesize that the offset between δ13COWM and δ13Cbulk is in part due to a large δ13C gradient in the AB water column where OWM utilized relatively 13C‐enriched dissolved inorganic carbon near the surface. Thus, the organisms producing the balance of the total organic carbon were assimilating 13C‐depleted C sources, including but not limited to respired organic carbon or byproducts of fermentation. We also observe a systematic decrease in both δ13COWM and δ13Cbulk of 3‰ from shoreward to open‐ocean facies that may reflect the effect of 13C‐enriched dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) derived from riverine sources in the relatively enclosed AB. The hypothesized steep carbon isotope gradient in the AB could be due to a strong biological pump; this in turn may have contributed to low oxygen bottom water conditions during the LDBC. This is the first time single‐microfossil δ13Corg analyses of eukaryotes have been directly compared to bulk δ13Corg in the deep‐time fossil record.

Terrestrial gastropods are an integral part of the ecosystem because of their role in organic matter decomposition and the soil calcium cycle. While most species have traditionally been considered generalized herbivores, the specific dietary preferences of most taxa remain virtually unknown because gastropods’ behavior is difficult to observe in the wild due to their nocturnal habits and small body size. In forested areas across North America, upwards of 30 species can sometimes coexist within the same microhabitat, but it remains unclear if and how gastropods partition resources to minimize interspecific competition. This research investigated the diet of seven sympatric species of terrestrial gastropods from an Ohio temperate woodland using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses. Results suggest that most species followed a varied diet that included variable proportions of vascular and non-vascular plants, fungi, lichen, and soil organic matter. Whereas some species (Anguispira alternata, Arion cf subfuscus, and Philomycidae sp.) showed more unique and specialized diets, others (Deroceras laeve, Euchemotrema fraternum, Mesodon thyroidus, and Ventridens ligera) were generalized feeders and overlapped in diet. These findings illustrate that terrestrial gastropod food webs are more complex than previously thought and support the hypothesis that some coexisting species reduce interspecific competition by partitioning resources.

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