The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) to treat renal stones in preschool age (<7 years) children. From September 2005 to May 2013, a total of 65 children (31 boys and 34 girls) with 72 renal stones were treated using RIRS. Patients were considered stone-free when the absence of residual fragments was observed on imaging studies. In the presence of residual calculi >4 mm, a second-stage RIRS was performed. The pre-operative, operative and post-operative data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 65 patients with a mean age of 4.31 ± 1.99 years (6 months-7 years) were included in the present study. The mean stone size was 14.66 ± 6.12 mm (7-30 mm). The mean operative time was 46.47 ± 18.27 min. In 5 (7.69%) patients, the initial procedure failed to reach the renal collecting system and ended with the insertion of a pigtail stent. The stone-free rates were 83.07 and 92.3% after the first and second procedures, respectively. Complications were observed in 18 (27.7%) patients and classified according to the Clavien system. Post-operative hematuria (Clavien I) occurred in 6 (9.2%) patients, post-operative urinary tract infection with fever (Clavien II) was observed in 10 (15.4%) patients, and ureteral wall injury (Clavien III) was noted in 2 (3%) patients. RIRS is an effective and safe procedure that can be used to manage renal stones in preschool age children.
Prostate specidic antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) are the known predictive factors for positive prostate biopsies differing according to the age, region and race. There have been only very limited studies about the impact of PSA on histological findings at prostate biopsy in Turkey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PSA and clinical stage on histologic findings of prostate biopsy in men older than 75 years of age as a first study in the Turkish population. A total of 1,645 consecutive prostate biopsies were included, with 194 men aged 75 or older. Cancer was identified in 104 patients (53.6%). Of the 104 positive biopsies, Gleason scores were less than 7 in 53 (49%) patients, 7 or greater in 51 (51%) patients. Positive prostate biopsies were significantly correlated with advanced age (p=0.0001), abnormal DRE (p=0.0001) and raised PSA (p=0.0001). The prostate volume was significantly correlated with advanced age especially in prostate cancer patients over 75 years, compared with those under 75 (p=0.0001). These results are useful for counseling men older than 75 years for prostate cancer detection. However, PCa screening decisions are currently based on urologist judgment and detection of latent asymptomatic disease is an important concern regarding costs, overdiagnosis, overtreatment and quality of life (QOL) for men aged 75 years and older. Healthy old patients with a long life expectancy need to be carefully evaluated for eligibility for PCa screening.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) and fractalkine levels in women with overactive bladder (OAB), as well as diagnostic and/or prognostic roles, and correlation of these urinary biomarkers with symptom severity of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-seven women with OAB and 26 healthy subjects were enrolled. Patients were diagnosed with OAB based on symptoms, a 3-day voiding diary and a validated Turkish version of the Overactive Bladder-Validated 8 (OAB-V8) questionnaire. The urinary baseline levels of NGF and fractalkine were compared between OAB patients and control group. The Turkish-validated International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form and OAB-V8 used to categorize patients according to disease severity to assess treatment efficacy. Further urinary NGF and fractalkine levels were compared before and after antimuscarinic treatment. RESULTS:Urinary NGF/creatinine (Cr) and fractalkine/Cr were significantly elevated in OAB patients (0.40 ± 0.40 ng/ mg and 4.63 ± 4.36 ng/mg, respectively) compared to healthy subjects (0.14 ± 0.08 ng/mg and 2.00 ± 1.29 ng/mg, P = 0.002 and P = 0.005, respectively). Sensitivity and specificity were 85.2%, 65.4% for NGF, and 74.1%, 65.4% for fractalkine, respectively. No significant differences in NGF/Cr and fractalkine/Cr compared to baseline (P = 0.063 and 0.162, respectively) were observed after trospium chloride treatment in OAB patients. NGF/Cr and fractalkine/Cr exhibited no correlations with symptom severity levels. CONCLUSIONS:Increased urinary NGF/Cr and fractalkine/Cr levels were found in OAB women. However, the sensitivity and specificity were not sufficient for diagnostic use. NGF and fractalkine levels were decreased after treatment insignificantly, and there was no correlation with symptom severity; therefore their prognostic worth was limited.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.