Study aim: Judo training leads to an increase in the muscle mass of athletes. The consequence of this is a high level of body mass index (BMI). At the same time, the body’s fat percentage is reduced. This phenomenon has been well-described in older age groups. However, body build and composition parameters of the youngest judokas are still unclear. The aim of the study was to answer the following questions: Do the training and recruitment of athletes influence body build and composition in the studied groups? Are BMI and body fat percentage differentiated between children and younger children? Are body build and composition in studied group related to competitive experience and level of achievement in competitions? Basic procedures: The study group consisted of 21 judokas aged 11 to 12 years (younger children) and 71 non-training peers, as well as18 judokas aged 13 to 14 years (children) and 44 of their non-training peers. Body mass and composition were determined using the Tanita TBF-551 body composition analyser. Examination of the judokas was conducted during regional championships. Results and main findings: In the younger age group, significantly higher BMI and body fat percentage were observed in the group of non-training peers (20.5 and 22.2%; in judokas: 18.2 and 17.6%, respectively). In children, significant differences were observed only in body fat percentage. Its value was lower in judokas and amounted to 16.2% (in non-athlete peers: 20.1%). Comparison of body build and composition between judo athletes in the examined age groups revealed significant differences in the case of BMI. The value of this index in children was 20.5, which was significantly higher than in the younger children (17.6). No correlations of body build and composition with competitive experience and level of achievement in competitions were found in the studied groups. Conclusions: A 4-year training experience is a significant factor in the development of judo-specific body build and composition. However, their indices are not related to the level of achievement in the youngest age groups.
Introduction. Balance control and body posture stability disorders progressing with age are caused by the involutionary changes in the function of the motor and nervous systems. However, it is indicated that regular physical activity, also in older adulthood, may have a positive effect on maintaining the functions of individual systems at an optimal level. Study aim: The aim of the study was to assess the postural stability of women above the age of 60 who declare active lifestyles. Material and Methods. The research involved 24 women, who were arbitrarily divided into 3 groups according to their calendar age. The younger group consisted of 14 women below the age of 70 years ( x _ = 65.08; SD = 2.82), whereas the older group comprised 10 older adults, above the age of 70 ( x _ = 73.62; SD = 2.74). The scope of the study included evaluation of selected postural stability parameters: 95% of the ellipse area covered by the moving COP, statokinesiogram path length, mean speed regarding displacement of the centre of foot pressure, total left and total right foot pressure. The examinations were performed in June 2018 using the Zerbis FDM-S dynamographic platform. The research material collected in this way was subjected to statistical analysis. Basic descriptive statistics were calculated and normality of the distribution of variables was verified using the Shapiro- Wilk test. The Student’s t-test for independent variables or Mann-Whitney’s U-test (depending on the distribution) were used to determine the significance of differences concerning the analysed parameters of postural stability between the groups studied. Furthermore, for 95% of the ellipse area covered by the moving COP, statokinesiogram path and mean speed of the displacement of the centre of foot pressure and standardised profiles were calculated for both chronological age groups. Standardisation of the results was performed using means and standard deviations of the entire material (T scale). Results. The results of the study indicate a higher level of postural stability among women from the younger group. However, comparative analysis did not reveal any statistically significant intergroup differences. Mean point scores on the T scale in the group of younger women for the 3 variables ranged from 50.98 to 51.60 points, whereas for older women, this was from 48.90 to 48.98 points. The differences between characteristics in the group of younger women totalled ca. 0.62 points, while in the older group, this value was 0.08 points. Conclusions. comparative analysis allowed to show that postural stability indices in women above 70 decreased compared to the results obtained for the younger group. Regular physical activity may be one of the significant factors in the prevention of postural stability regression.
Cel pracy. Celem pracy było poszukiwanie somatycznych i funkcjonalnych uwarunkowań skuteczności gier testowych 1 x 1 piłkarzy nożnych w trzech grupach szkoleniowych. Metody i metody. Grupę badawczą stanowiło 42 piłkarzy nożnych. Zakres badań objął cechy somatyczne, zdolności o podłożu energetycznym oraz neurosensorycznym. Łącznie u każdego sportowca analizie poddano 24 zmienne. W celu oceny wpływu poszczególnych parametrów strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych na wskaźniki skuteczności gry wykorzystane zostały współczynniki determinacji wielokrotnej. Wyniki. Analiza istotności współczynników korelacji rang Spearmana pomiędzy wskaźnikami skuteczności gry a testowanymi zmiennymi pozwoliła na wprowadzono do modelu regresji wielokrotnej 11 zmiennych. Zaproponowane modele określają wskaźniki skuteczności gry w granicach od około 62% do 72% dla młodzików, od 63% do 88% dla juniorów młodszych oraz od 64% do 88% dla seniorów. Wnioski. Analizowane wskaźniki skuteczności gry w grupie młodzików oraz juniorów młodszych były najsilniej determinowane poziomem wytrzymałości krążeniowo-oddechowej. Z kolei u seniorów na pierwszym miejscu w modelu dla WSK, SOD, SA lokuje się zdolność różnicowania kinestetycznego. Dla każdego wskaźnika do modelu kwalifikuję się również wytrzymałość krążeniowo-oddechowa, która wyjaśnia około 10% jego zmienności.
Information about the effects of activity and adaptation of human body to a given load represent an integral part of managing the training process in sport. Therefore, new tools are constantly being developed to help optimize training. The purpose of this study is to present the possibilities for using the Witty SEM system (Microgate) in order to support diagnostics, control and optimization of training effects. To date, the Witty SEM system has been used to evaluate running speed and speed endurance in training practice. However, with a similar level of physical abilities, some reserves are also expected to be present in the optimization of coordination preparation. Consequently, the tools for evaluating the coordination of motor abilities are being constantly improved. For this purpose, computer tests, the Vienna Test System and psychotechnical apparatus are typically used. Nonetheless, these tools mainly measure fine motor skills. With the development of the Witty SEM system, new opportunities have emerged for the examination of complex coordination activities. The system allows for adaptation of popular motor tests and the creation of individual coordination tests adjusted to the specific nature of various sports. Numerous benefits of the system also include its reliability, the possibility of choosing various testing options (tests can be adjusted to the age and somatic parameters of study participants), small dimensions and mass, short time needed to prepare the system for operation, mobility of the equipment and long battery life. This suggests opportunities for the comprehensive use of this system in training practice of various sports.
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