SiO2 nanoparticles alone can catalyze the formation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Since transition‐metal catalysts are not required, clean SWNT materials can be prepared whose intrinsic property profile is not obscured by metal catalyst particles.

12] E. Buncel, H. Wilson. J Cheni. E&. 1987, 64. 475-480. [I31 The decrease of the competition constants cannot exclusively hc due to diffusion control of one of the pirrallel reactions. There are indications that in this region the position of the transition state on the reitction coordinate is shifted (Hammond effect), that is the classical rationalization of the reactivity sclectivity principles may hold in this range [lS].

The NMR spectra of a series of beta-substituted iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin (2-X-TPP) complexes have been studied to elucidate the relationship between the electron donating/withdrawing properties of the 2-substituent and the (1)H NMR spectral pattern. The electronic nature of the substituent has been significantly varied and covered the -0.6 to 0.8 Hammett constant range. Both high-spin and low-spin complexes of the general formula (2-X-TPP)Fe(III)Cl and [(2-X-TPP)Fe(III)(CN)(2)](-) have been investigated. The (1)H NMR data for the following substituents (X) have been reported: py(+), NO(2), CN, CH(3), BzO (C(6)H(5)COO), H, D, Br, Cl, CH(3), NH(2), NH(3)(+), NHCH(3), OH, and O(-). The (1)H NMR resonances for low-spin dicyano complexes have been completely assigned by a combination of two-dimensional COSY and NOESY experiments. In the case of selected high-spin complexes, the 3-H resonance has been identified by the selective deuteration of all but the 3-H position. The pattern of unambiguously assigned seven pyrrole resonances reflects the asymmetry imposed by 2-substitution and has been used as an unique (1)H NMR spectroscopic probe to map the spin density distribution. The pyrrole isotropic shifts of [(2-X-TPP)Fe(III)(CN)(2)](-) are dominated by the contact term. In order to quantify the substituent effect, the dependence of isotropic shift of all low-spin pyrrole resonances and 3-H high-spin pyrrole resonance versus Hammett constants has been studied. The electronic effect is strongly localized at the beta-substituted pyrrole. The major change of the isotropic shift has also been noted for only one of two adjacent pyrrole rings, i.e., at 7-H and 8-H positions. These neighboring protons, located on a single pyrrole ring, experienced opposite shift changes when electron withdrawing/donating properties were modified. Two other pyrrole rings for all investigated derivatives revealed considerably smaller, substituent related, isotropic shift changes. A long-range secondary isotopic shift has been observed for [(2-D-TPP)Fe(III)(CN)(2)](-). The effect is consistent with a general spin density distribution mechanism due to beta-substitution. A fairly good correlation between the 3-H isotropic shift of (2-X-TPP)Fe(III)Cl and the Hammett constant has been found as well. The observed contact shift pattern of [(2-X-TPP)Fe(III)(CN)(2)](-) reflects spin pi delocalization into the highest filled MO equivalent to the unsubstituted porphyrin 3e(pi) orbital. To account for the substituent contribution, the semiquantitative Fenske-Hall LCAO method has been used to determine the molecular orbitals involved in the spin density delocalization. For low-spin complexes, (13)C pyrrole resonances of carbons bearing a proton have been identified by means of a (1)H-(13)C HMQC experiment. The reversed order of (13)C resonance patterns as compared to their (1)H NMR counterparts has been determined, e.g., the largest isotropic shift of 3-H has been accompanied by the smallest measured (13)C isotropic shift. Analysis of the isotropic shif...

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The synthesis of a new monoheteroporphyrin, 5,20-diphenyl-10,15-bis(p-tolyl)-21-selenaporphyrin (SeDPDTPH), is reported. The 21-selenaporphyrin has been characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and UV−visible spectra and an X-ray structural analysis. The free base selenaporphyrin SeDPDTPH crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a =19.848(3) Å, b = 8.8410(14) Å, c = 20.503(4) Å, β = 103.375(12)° at 125 K with Z = 4. Refinement of all 4577 unique reflections and 453 parameters yielded R 1 = 0.096 (based on F 2). The presence of selenium atom elongates the macrocycle along the N(1)−N(3) axis when compared to a regular porphyrin. The π delocalization pattern is altered in the selenophene moiety in relation to the free selenophene. SeDPDTPH undergoes a two-step proton addition in solution. Mono- and dication formation results in distortion of the planar 21-selenaporphyrin structure. The monocation structure is solvent dependent as shown by the 1H NMR titration experiments. Insertion of Ni(II) into 21-selenaporphyrin yields NiII(SeDPDTP)Cl (S = 1, μeff = 3.3 μB). The electronic spectrum of this complex is porphyrin-like with a strong Soret band at 433 nm. The 1H NMR spectra of the high-spin nickel(II) complexes of 21-selenaporphyrin have been recorded and assigned by means of the selective deuteration, line width considerations, and a 2D COSY experiment. The characteristic pattern of pyrrole (downfield) and selenophene (upfield) resonances has been established. Direct σ-π spin density transfer has been proposed to explain the upfield shift of the selenophene protons. Imidazole replaces the chloride ligand to form five- and six-coordinate complexes. The spectroscopic and chemical properties of NiII(SeDPDTP)Cl resemble those of nickel(II) complexes with 21-thiaporphyrin. To account for these similarities, we suggest that the selenophene moiety is bent out of the porphyrin plane in NiII(SeDPDTP)Cl. Such a geometry allows metal ion to interact with selenium of selenophene in a side-on fashion.