The soursop (Annona muricata Linn., Family-Annonaceae) leaves contain annonaceous acetogenins which have a cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines as reported in many research studies. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic leaves extract of Annona muricata (ELEAM) on breast cancer histology and on proliferative indexes of DMBA-induced breast cancer rats. Eighty four female albino rats strain Sprague Dawley were divided into seven groups (of twelve each): control; DMBA-induced breast cancer; DMBA-induced breast cancer + tamoxifen 0.18 mg/kg; DMBA-induced breast cancer +ELEAM 200 mg/kg, DMBA-induced breast cancer + ELEAM 300 mg/kg, DMBA-induced breast cancer + ELEAM 400 mg/kg and DMBA-induced breast cancer + ELEAM 500 mg/kg. The research indicates that breast cancer ductal with infiltrative grade II developed in the DMBA-induced breast cancer group. The DMBA-induced breast cancer group receiving tamoxifen showed normal duct structure. The tamoxifen treated groups showed lower mAgNOR and pAgNOR compared with untreated cancer group. The ELEAM-treated group showed lower mAgNOR and pAgNOR compared with the untreated cancer group, starting from 300 mg/kg dose. The group treated with ELEAM 300 mg/kg showed no significant difference with the tamoxifen-treated group. We concluded that ELEAM improved the histological changes of breast cancer-induced DMBA. ELEAM also reduced proliferative indexes of breast cancer-induced DMBA and the most effective dose in 300 mg/kg.
Kurang beraktivitas fisik berkaitan erat dengan risiko timbulnya penyakit tidak menular dan penyakit degeneratif. Salah satu aktivitas fisik yang saat ini banyak diminati adalah senam aerobik. Daya tahan jantung paru dan fleksibilitas sangat penting bagi produktivitas hidup dan penurunan risiko penyakit degeneratif di masa mendatang. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan adanya pengaruh latihan aerobik terhadap daya tahan jantung paru dan fleksibilitas, akan tetapi penelitian tentang senam aerobik sebagai salah satu bentuk latihan aerobik belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh senam aerobik terhadap fleksibiltas dan daya tahan jantung paru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan pre and post test design. Sebanyak 33 individu berusia 15–25 tahun diperiksa fleksibilitas dan daya tahan jantung paru di Laboratorium Fisiologi Kedokteran Unsoed sebelum dan sesudah melaksanakan program latihan fisik senam aerobik selama 12 minggu di Sanggar Senam Sisca Purwokerto. Fleksibilitas diukur dengan metode Sit and Reach Test, sedangkan daya tahan jantung paru diukur dengan metode Quenns Collegge Step Test. Data sebelum dan sesudah intervensi senam aerobik dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak komputer dengan uji t berpasangan dan uji Wilcoxon. Terdapat pengaruh bermakna senam aerobik terhadap fleksibiltas (p=0,002) dan daya tahan jantung paru (p<0,001), yaitu meningkatkan fleksibilitas (33,78 cm menjadi 36,45 cm) dan meningkatkan daya tahan jantung paru (18,48 menjadi 22,08). Dapat disimpulkan senam aerobik berpengaruh terhadap fleksibilitas dan daya tahan jantung paru.
Case-based learning (CBL) is a newer modality of teaching healthcare, combining medical theory and practices. Many researchs reported effectivity of CBL to improve student-centered learning. The aim of this study is to evaluate how CBL improved students' clinical reasoning compared with other method such as problem-based learning. An interventional research involved 4th grade medical students receiving PBL and CBL methods supervised by a tutor or instructure. An alternative method combining CBL and structured role play (in an Integrated-Patient Management method) also performed using clinical scenario with medical practice setting. The result showed that student received CBL had better clinical reasoning indicated from better miniquizz result compared with PBL students (p < 0,05, Mann Whitney U test. Students exposed with CBL had final MCQ and essay exam grade compared with unexposed students. Students exposed with CBL also had better clinical skill indicated from Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE) result (p < 0,05, independent t test). Students' acceptance level on CBL method is 79, 4%. It is concluded that compared with PBL, CBL is more effective in improved students' performance, learning outcomes and clinical reasoning and also had high acceptance among medical students.
Abstract:Background: Body composition is one of the parameters to evaluate the level of physical fitness. Body composition can be assessed by simple tools like body mass index and waist circumference. This tools also usefull to predict risks for cardiovascular diseases such as metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in which the prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Programmed aerobic dance is one of the physical exercises that is quite popular these days that is expected can reduce body mass index and waist circumference. Objective: To determine the effect of programmed aerobic dance on body mass index and waist circumference Methode: This pre-and post test experimental study was conducted on 33 female individuals aged 15-30 years of Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto, Central Java. Programmed aerobic dance as intervention was given for twelve weeks in Sisca's Gymnasium. Health status and PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Quisionnaire) were assessed before enrolling this study. Body mass index and waist circumference were measured before and after intervention. For statistic analyses, basic descriptive statistics and paired t-test or Wilcoxon analyses were applied for dependent variables. Result: Programmed aerobic dance significantly reduced body mass index from 22, 89 (before intervention) to 22,34 (after intervention), p < 0,05. Subjects had lower waist circumference after intervention (75 cm compared with 72 cm, p < 0,001). Conclusion: Twelve weeks programmed aerobic dance reduce body mass index and waist circumference.
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