Background: Paired-box gene 9 (PAX9) mutation is potentially associated with impaction in some patient populations. Here, we analyzed the relationship between PAX9 polymorphism and the occurrence of maxillary canine impaction. Methods: Patients with and without maxillary canine impaction were selected based on specific inclusion criteria, and samples of genomic DNA were obtained from a buccal mucosa swab. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for further bioinformatics analysis to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Genotype and allele counting was performed in both case and control groups prior to conducting statistical analysis. Results: Four SNPs were identified in patients with maxillary canine impaction, with relative confidence determined based on chromatogram-peak assessment. All SNPs were located in exon 3 of PAX9 and in the region sequenced by the primer pair −197Fex3 and +28Rex3. Three of the SNPs (rs375436662, rs12881240, and rs4904210) were reported previously and are annotated in NCBI (dbSNP version 150), whereas another SNP mapped to chromosome 14 has not been reported. Patients with a CC genotype at SNP 3 [odds ratio (OR): 2.61 vs. TT; 1.28 vs. CT] and a CC genotype at SNP 4 [OR: 0.71 vs. GG; 0.79 vs. CG] were more likely to have maxillary canine impaction. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the presence of SNPs 3 and 4 is associated with increased likelihood of suffering from maxillary canine impaction.

ABSTRAKSebagai seorang dokter gigi, sebelum melakukan tindakan kedokteran gigi, khususnya yang menyangkut tindakan pembedahan, perlu mengetahui dengan pasti kesehatan umum pasien dan kondisi pasien apakah cukup aman untuk dilakukan prosedur tindakan. Untuk itu diperlukan evaluasi yang tepat dan akurat dalam menentukan kondisi sistemik pasien medically-compromised yang difokuskan pada patofisiologi penyakit, tanda dan gejala, hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, terapi medis yang sedang dijalani pasien serta rekomendasi untuk mendapatkan perawatan gigi yang spesifik. Sehingga kita akan mengetahui kemungkinan prosedur perawatan terbaik yang dapat dilakukan dan menghindari komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi.

Background. Simonart's band is a soft tissue band that connects the cleft gap of the base of the nostril or the margin of the alveolus. While research on the prevalence of Simonart's band in cleft lip and palate cases has been carried out in various countries, research on Simonart's band in Indonesia has yet to be conducted.Objectives. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of Simonart's band at a cleft center in Indonesia.Material and methods. The data of cleft patients were reviewed retrospectively over a 9-year period at the

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor occurring mostly in mandible. Objective: the purpose of the study was to find out the distribution and frequency of the most common histopathological type and pattern of ameloblastoma, the percentage of ameloblastoma according to gender and histopathological types of ameloblastoma related to gender. Methods: This research was a quantitative analysiswith descriptive retrospective design. This study used secondary data taken from medical records at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic of Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta in the period of January 2002-July 2008. The relationship between age or gender and histopathological types of ameloblastoma was statistically assessed. Results: From data of ameloblastoma patients that have been collected as many as 66 cases; it was found that 31-50 years old age group had the highest percentages of occurrence among other age groups that was 53% from all cases. There are slight differences between women and men in ameloblastoma cases. The incidence was higher in women (37 cases, 56.1%) than in men (29 cases, 43.9%) and the histopathological type found most often was plexiform type as many as 31.8% from all cases. Conclusion: Ameloblastoma presented in adult period, more frequent in women than men, and were predominantly plexiform. ABSTRAKProfil ameloblastoma dari sebuah penelitian retrospektif di Jakarta, Indonesia. Ameloblastoma adalah tumor odontogenik yang sering terjadi pada mandibula. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dari tipe dan pola histopatologis ameloblastoma yang paling umum, persentase timbulnya ameloblastoma menurut jenis kelamin, dan tipe histopatologis ameloblastoma terkait jenis kelamin. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain retrospektif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medik klinik Bedah Mulut di Rumah Sakit Umum Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, pada periode Januari 2002-Juli 2008. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui frekuensi tipe histopatologis. Hubungan antara usia atau jenis kelamin dan tipe histopatologi ameloblastoma dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil: Dari data 66 kasus pasien ameloblastoma yang terkumpul, ditemukan bahwa kelompok umur 31-50 tahun memiliki persentase kemunculan terbesar dibanding kelompok umur lain, yaitu 53%. Terdapat sedikit perbedaan antara laki-laki dan perempuan pada kasus ameloblastoma. Perempuan terdapat pada 37 kasus (56,1%), lebih banyak dibandingkan laki-laki sejumlah 29 kasus (43,9%) dan tipe histopatologis yang terbanyak ditemukan adalah plexiform sebanyak 31,8%. Simpulan: Ameloblastoma terjadi pada periode dewasa, lebih sering pada perempuan dibandingkan laki-laki, dan didominasi tipe plexiform.

Dentist is a specialist who must rreat all rypes of disorder pmctically, involving the stomatognathjc :1 nem. unfortunatery oot all society has recognized the denrisr's value within ,tJ..iorur n"un cur" !'nem". ln developed socieus dre dentist is required ro be irvorved in handling the emergencies, although