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ObjectivesThe present study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of 2 thermally treated nickel-titanium reciprocating systems in simulated curved canals.Materials and MethodsForty simulated canals were prepared to apical size 25 using Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW) and WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona) instruments. Standard pre- and post-preparation images were taken and superimposed. The removal of resin material was measured at 5 standard points: the canal orifice, halfway between the canal orifice and the beginning of the curve, the beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and the end-point of the simulated canal. The data were analysed using the independent sample t-test with a 5% significance threshold.ResultsThe canals in which Reciproc Blue R25 was used showed a significantly greater widening than those in which WaveOne Gold was used at 4 of the 5 measurement points (p < 0.05). The Reciproc Blue R25 instrument removed significantly more resin from the inner aspect of the curve at 2 of the 5 points and similar amounts at the remaining 3 points. At the 2 apical points, there was no significant difference between the Reciproc Blue R25 and WaveOne Gold Primary instruments.ConclusionBoth instruments respected the original canal anatomy; however, WaveOne Gold resulted in a more conservative shape with less transportation.

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigation techniques in the removal of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), which was applied for 7, 21 or 90 days, from simulated root canals of immature teeth. Methods. The root canal spaces of 190 maxillary canine teeth were filled with TAP and randomly divided into a control and 3 experimental groups according to the intracanal medicament period (7, 21 or 90 days). Syringe irrigation (SI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and XP-endo Finisher (XP) were used for the removal of TAP (n=20). The amount of remaining medicament was calculated under a stereomicroscope using a 4-grade scoring system. Kruskal-Wallis H and Wilcoxon signedrank tests were used for statistical analyses (P<0.05). Results. The mean percentage of residual TAP was significantly greater in the SI group compared to PUI and XP at all the time intervals (P<0.05). Paste removal efficacy of PUI was not affected by the intracanal time of TAP (P>0.05), whereas the efficacy of SI and XP was significantly affected (P<0.05). No significant differences were detected between PUI and XP at 7- and 21-day intervals (P>0.05); however, at 90-day interval, PUI removed significantly greater amount of TAP than XP did (P<0.05). Conclusion. The time of the TAP in the root canal negatively affected the removal efficacy of the SI and XP-Endo Finisher; however, it did not affect the efficacy of the PUI.

Objective: Extrusion of irrigant and debris into the periapical tissues is a potential risk for flare-ups during root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apically extruded debris and sodium hypochlorite during XP-Endo Finisher (XP-Endo) file use and compare with final irrigation techniques. The tested null hypothesis in this study was that there was no difference among the irrigation techniques. MaterialsandMethods:An agar gel model was prepared for 80 extracted single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth, which were prepared up to the apical size of #40. The samples were divided into four groups according to the final irrigation regime: conventional syringe irrigation, XP-Endo, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and EndoActivator (EA). The test apparatus was weighed before and after the experiment, and the amount of apically extruded debris and irrigant was calculated. Results: There was minimal irrigant and debris extrusion in all groups. No significant difference among the tested groups was detected (p>0.05). Conclusion: Using the PUI, XP-Endo file, or EA according to the manufacturers' instruction does not increase the extrusion risk. Amaç: Kanal tedavisi esnasında irrigantların ve debrisin periapikal dokulara taşması akut alevlenme açısından potansiyel bir risk teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı XP-Endo Finisher (XP-Endo) kullanımı esnasında apikalden taşan debrisi ve sodyum hipokloriti değerlendirmek ve final irrigasyon teknikleri ile karşılaştırmaktır. Çalışmanın sıfır hipotezi, test edilen sistemler arasında fark olmadığıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bir agar jel model, apikal boyutları 40 numaraya kadar prepare edilmiş 80 adet çekilmiş tek köklü insan mandibular premolar dişi kullanılarak hazırlandı. Örnekler final irrigasyon protokolüne göre dört gruba ayrıldı: Geleneksel iğne irrigasyonu, XP-Endo, EndoActivator (EA) ve pasif ultrasonik irrigasyon (PUI). Test düzeneği deneyden önce ve sonra tartıldı ve apikalden taşan debris ve irrigant hesaplandı.

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Use of solvents during root filling removal was associated with less apically extruded debris and irrigant when compared to no solvent.

Anah tar Ke li me ler İkili antibiyotik patı, üçlü antibiyotik patı, rejenaratif endodonti, irrigasyon, uzaklaştırma etkinliği Keywords Double antibiotic paste, triple antibiotic paste, regenerative endodontics, irrigation, removal efficiency Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı konvansiyonel şırınga irrigasyonu (KŞİ), EndoActivator (EA), pasif ultrasonik irrigasyon (PUİ), ve XP-endo finisher (XPF) ile ikili (DAP) ve üçlü (TAP) antibiyotik patlarının uzaklaştırılabilme etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Toplam 180 adet çekilmiş mandibular kanin diş kullanılmıştır. Köklerin apikal 2 mm kısmı uzaklaştırılmıştır ve unicore frezler ile apikalden koronal Öz Objective: Aim of this study was to compare the double (DAP) and triple (TAP) antibiotic paste removal efficiency of conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), EndoActivator (EA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and XP-endo finisher (XPF) from simulated immature root canals. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 extracted mandibular canine roots were used. The apical 2 mm of the roots were removed, and Unicore drills were penetrated through the apical to the coronal direction approximately 1 mm to simulate an immature apex. Canals were prepared up to size 40 by using the Mtwo system. Roots were split longitudinally and then temporarily reassembled. The samples were randomly divided into 2 main groups as DAP and TAP. Five specimens for each main group were kept as negative control group. Then the pastes were placed with lentulo spiral. After 1 week five specimens for each main group were kept as positive control group. Then the remaining specimens in DAP and TAP groups were further assigned to 4 subgroups according to the removal technique (group 1: CSI; group 2: EA; group 3: PUI, group 4: XPF). The root halves were examined under a stereomicroscope at 10x magnification. Kruskal-Wallis H and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analyses. Results: TAP and DAP were more effectively removed by XPF and PUI compared to CSI and EA (p<0.05). XPF and PUI DAP/TAP removal effectiveness was statistically similar (p>0.05). Moreover, CSI and EA showed similar effectiveness for both paste groups (p>0.05). Regarding the type of antibiotic paste, no significant difference between TAP and DAP was found (p>0.05). Conclusion: The tested irrigation systems could not completely remove either TAP or DAP. The use of PUI or the XPF was more effective compared to the use of the EA and CSI.

Background. The present study aimed to compare the shaping ability of Reciproc Blue instruments with or without the creation of a glide path in simulated S-shaped root canals. Methods. Root canals of thirty #15.02 clear resin S-shaped blocks were dyed using ink and photographed. Then the blocks were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A: Reciproc Blue with glide path created with ProGlider and group B: Reciproc Blue with no glide path preparation (n=15). The blocks were also photographed after preparation. The pre- and post-prepara-tion images were superimposed and evaluated at 9 different measurement points according to the 3 zones, as coronal straight, first curvature, and apical curvature zones. The data were evaluated with independent t-test or Kruskal-Wallis tests with 5% significance interval. Results. Group B removed greater amount of material from the inner aspect of simulated canal at the first curvature and apical curvature zones and from the outer aspect of the canal at apical curvature zone (P<0.05). Both groups exhibited trans-portation and the transportation width in group B was significantly greater in the levels of apical curvature zone (P<0.05). Conclusion. Glide path preparation using ProGlider rotary instrument improved the shaping ability of Reciproc Blue R25 instrument by leading to less transportation and maintaining centering ability.