A hypermedia application offers its users much freedom to navigate through a large hyperspace. Adaptive Hypermedia (AH) offers personalized content, presentation and navigation support. Many Adaptive Hypermedia Systems (AHS) are tightly integrated with one specific application and/or use a limited number of techniques and methods. This makes it difficult to capture all of them in one generic model. In this paper we examine adaptation questions stated in the very beginning of the adaptive hypermedia era and elaborate on their recent interpretations. We will reconsider design issues for application independent generic adaptive hypermedia systems, review open questions of system extensibility introduced in adjacent research fields and try to come up with an up-to-date taxonomy of adaptation techniques and an extensive set of requirements for a new adaptive system reference model or architecture, to be developed in the future.

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This paper motivates and describes GALE, the Generic Adaptation Language and Engine that came out of the GRAPPLE EU FP7 project. The main focus of the paper is the extensible nature of GALE. The purpose of this description is to illustrate how a single core adaptation engine can be used for different types of adaptation, applied to different types of information items and documents. We illustrate the adaptive functionality on some examples of hypermedia documents. In April 2012, David Smits defended the world's first adaptive PhD thesis on this topic. The thesis, available for download and direct adaptive access at http://gale.win.tue.nl/thesis/, shows that a single source of information can serve different audiences and at the same time also allows more freedom of navigation than is possible in any paper or static hypermedia document. The same can be done for course texts, hyperfiction, encyclopedia, museum, or other cultural heritage websites, etc. We explain how to add functionality to GALE if desired, to adapt the system's behavior to whatever the application requires. This stresses our main objective: to provide a technological base for adaptive (hypermedia) system researchers on which they can build extensions for the specific research they have in mind.

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The Generic Adaptation Framework research project aims to develop a new reference model for the adaptive hypermedia research field. The new model will consider new developments, techniques and methodologies in the areas of adaptive hypermedia and adjacent fields.

In this paper we consider provenance modelling in Adaptive Hypermedia Systems (AHS). We revisit adaptation and data provenance questions and bring up new and complementary aspects of adaptation and provenance, showing similar and supplementing characteristics. We also scrutinize the provenance importance and issues in Adaptive Hypermedia (AH). The aim of this paper is to extend the conventional AH classification questions with the notion of data lineage which essentially plays an important role in adaptation.

Abstract:Adaptive Hypermedia Systems (AHS) have long been concentrating on adaptive guidance of links between domain concepts. In this paper we first study parallels between navigation and linking in hypertext on the one hand and information searching or querying on the other hand. We show that to a large extent linking and searching can be modeled in the same way. Secondly we present a transition towards search in AHS by aligning the web search process with the layered structure of AHS and link adaptation process. In the end we sketch the on-going implementation of an open corpus adaptation carried out in the context of the 'Grapple' adaptive e-learning environment.

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