Abstract. This paper is concerned with the elasticity of demand in tourism and hospitality industries. The first part is a brief market review, explaining the role of tourism and hospitality in economics. The following parts determine demand in tourism and hospitality, its determinants and elasticity. The final part deals with the recent trend of the extreme tourism -space tourism.
Innovation activity is central to economic modernization. Despite the fact that Russia possesses serious scientific/technical potential, it has fallen significantly behind industrial countries in getting innovative solutions to an open commercial market. The nation has had difficulties in commercializing innovative output, which has kept it from achieving the economic returns that it deserves. The commercialization of R&D outcomes is indispensable to the strategic development of any organization. The insufficiently effective realization of innovation potential in Russia is largely due to the detachedness of innovation activity in higher education institutions from practice and a lack of interest from business – a key agent of innovation commercialization. The research reported in this paper focuses on the scientific/theoretical and practical/applied foundations of the process of commercializing the outcomes of innovation activity in higher education institutions. It has helped establish and gain an insight into some of the key issues in the area. The paper makes a case for the possibility of enhancing this process via a special model for commercializing the outcomes of innovation activity in higher education institutions.
Abstract. Building and development of tourist cluster is an important area for recreation zones. The out-of-country research has proved clusters to be a stimulator for innovations and productivity. Strengthening the cluster in the region helps to develop its own brand, which is undoubtedly, becomes a key competitive advantage.Keywords: resort; resort cluster; tourism; tourist cluster; resort city; Sochi.Введение. Сегодня при грамотном стратегическом планировании и регулярных инвестициях туристический бизнес может стать экономическим драйвером региона. Однако данный процесс должен иметь поддержку в виде международного сотрудничества, государственных программ и действий крупных компаний, которые напрямую влияют на вектор и темп развития курортных кластеров.В настоящее время в развитых странах популярна система развития регионов, основанная на кластерном теории М.Портера. Согласно теории Майкла Портера, кластер -это группа географически соседствующих взаимосвязанных компаний (поставщики, производители и др.) и связанных с ними организаций (образовательные заведения, органы государственного управления, инфраструктурные компании), действующих в определенной сфере и взаимодополняющих друг друга.Материалы и методы. Теоретико-методологической основой исследования являются методы анализа, сравнения, прогнозирования, аналогии и наблюдения.Обсуждение. Кластер в экономической литературе определяется как индустриальный комплекс, сформированный на базе территориальной концентрации сетей специализированных поставщиков, основных производителей и потребителей, связанных технологической цепочкой, и выступающих альтернативой секторальному подходу.Основной принцип, создающий преимущество кластера: сотрудничать на местном уровне, чтобы конкурировать на глобальном.
The development of the tourism sector of the economy is one of the priorities set by the leadership of the Krasnodar Territory and the Russian Federation. Thus, the construction of a model of the influence of tourist flows on the stability of the territory is very relevant. The object of the study is the interconnected economic, social and ecological system of the resort destination. The subject of the study is the interaction of key indicators affecting the sustainability of a tourist destination and tourist flows. The work is aimed at building an integrated computer model that can be used for: -studying the interaction of key variables; - conducting scenario analysis and modeling to determine the possible consequences of management decisions.The authors develop a single synthetic model that combines social, economic and environmental aspects of the subject of research. This model is evaluated using an adjusted net savings indicator and allows us to study the trends in the development of the tourism sector, as well as to conduct a scenario analysis of the consequences of various management decisions. Using this tool for medium- and long-term planning will give the decision-maker more information in conditions of uncertainty, which will avoid many managerial mistakes. In the future, it is planned to refine and adjust the model using new statistical data; to conduct computational experiments to identify economic trends in the impact of integrated programs and scenarios for the development of the tourism sector.
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