The paper gives a general characteristic of coal refuse processing products: intermediate fractioncoal-free screenings; small fractioncarboniferous sand containing up to 30% coal; fine fractionsilt coal containing up to 50% coal. Green and baked ceramic properties of products of processing waste coal are demonstrated. Compositions of raw mixes for items with compression strength of over 10-15 MPa with a density of below 800 kg/m 3 are substantiated, with considerations for molding with semi-rigid extrusion and requirement of minimizing baking costs. Processing properties of screenings are presented as functions of material grinding and baking temperature. A process diagram has been plotted for a possible production facility using modern equipment. Technical and economic indexes are presented, showing high profitability and promising nature of manufacturing large-size structural clay tiles from the products of processing waste coal thanks to minimal prime cost of the tiles.
The general characteristic of products of processing of waste heaps is given. Their characteristics by fractional composition are proposed: large-fractional, with grains from 2 to 150 mm in size, medium-fractional with a grain size of 0.5 to 2 mm, and fine-grained with a grain size of 0 to 0.5 mm. The results of work on the study of the chemical-mineralogical composition and physico-mechanical properties of the medium-fractionation products of the waste heaps processing with reference to the production of various wall ceramics products are presented. Their role is shown as a polyfunctional additive when introduced into ceramic masses and affects the properties of finished products. A preliminary classification according to the amount of coal component, mineralogical and petrographic composition, technological properties is proposed. The feasibility of their application in the production of wall ceramics with a reduced cost is given.
Significant positions of the construction industry in the economy of Russia and its regions, as well as a large number of people employed in the industry cause a great deal of attention to the modernization processes of construction companies. The article discusses the application of a proactive approach to the companies development in the construction industry. Using the example of the Tandem group of companies, the possibility and focus of a proactive modernization strategy for a company in the construction sector (with an emphasis on the innovations use, in particular, in the ceramic bricks production using new raw materials in the burning mechanism) is being considered, such strategy effectiveness in terms of economic results and strengthening its position in the markets of building materials is proved.
This article discusses the prospects for using large-format ceramic stones in the construction of contemporary homes, as well as an overview of raw materials and technologies for production. The most promising technology is stiff extrusion with the ability to load the raw products on firing trolleys and accelerate the processes of firing and drying. Characteristics of Eastern Donbass waste heaps processing screenings are given, which are coal mining by-products and are considered to be main raw material for the production of large-sized ceramic stone. It is shown that as a result of introduction of waste heaps into the production of ceramic stones with the lowest prime cost, the density of the resulting products will be less than 800 kg/m3, the thermal conductivity will be less than 0.20 m·°C/W, and the strength grade will be M150 and higher. Thus, the use of ceramic stones in total volume of wall products for residential construction will reach the level of 80% and will increase the competitiveness of the material, especially when compared with gas silicate products, as used in Western Europe. High economic feasibility of the production of such materials based on by-products of waste heap processing is shown as well.
The article shows the prospects of using large-sized ceramic stones for modern housing construction. A review of the raw materials and technologies for their production is given. It is emphasized that the most promising technology for the large-sized ceramic stones’ production is a hard extrusion technology with the possibility of laying raw products on firing buggies and accelerated drying and firing modes. The characteristic of waste piles processing screenings in East Donbass, which are considered to be the by-products of coal mining, as the main raw material for the large-sized ceramic stones’ production is given. Their ceramic properties and results of the raw materials’ selection are given, including: screenings - 60-65%; siliceous clay - 20-30% coal sludge - 10-15%, on the basis of which it is possible to obtain the products with low cost and high strength for the load-bearing wall structures. The features of the ceramic material microstructure based on the obtained raw material mixtures with optimal porosity are noted. It is shown that the waste piles’ involvement in the process of ceramic stones production will make it possible to obtain products with a density of less than 800 kg/m3, less thermal conductivity 0,20 m·°С)/W and the brand strength M150 and above, with a minimum cost. This will create a serious competition for gas silicate products and achieve a level of ceramic stones’ use in the total volume of wall products for the housing construction of 80%, like in Western Europe.
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