Propolis presents notable and variable antioxidant activity depending on the territory and the local flora. As a result, propolis collected from areas presenting botanical diversity can become an intriguing research field. In the present study, we examined propolis from different areas of Samothraki, a small Greek island in the north‐eastern Aegean Sea, considered a hot‐spot of plant biodiversity. The analysis of propolis samples presented huge variability in the antioxidant activity, the total polyphenol content and the total flavonoids content. Propolis from two areas presented high antioxidant activity with a maximum at 1741.48 μmol of Trolox equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight, very high polyphenol content, 378.73 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight, and high flavonoid content with a maximum concentration of 70.31 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of dry propolis weight. The samples that presented the best qualitative characteristics were all red propolis which is a type that has never been reported in any part of Europe.
This study examines the heart and its activity in the mite Varroa destructor. Through light microscopy, the duration and frequency of the beat of the mite’s heart, which is located over the synganglion, was recorded and analysed. The heart measured 165 μm by 60 μm, and consisted of two lateral trunks, inducing pulses with an average duration of 10 sec and an average frequency of 0.13 Hz. The use of cardiac activity as a new bioassay for accurate assessment of the effect of varroacide compounds was also examined.
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