Chloroplasts have long been known for their role in carbon assimilation but the extent to which they participate in nitrogen metabolism is less well established (12). The demonstration of light-dependent conversion of nitrite to amino nitrogen (18), and the recent identification of enzyme systems associated with ammonia metabolism (24) in isolated chloroplasts provide evidence of the importance of these organelles in nitrogen assimilation. Glutamate is the major assimilatory product and could contribute to the biosynthesis of other amino acids in chloroplasts as a substrate of aminotransferases. These and other observations collectively suggest that chloroplasts may be a major site of the synthesis of a wide range of amino acids in multicellular plants.Homoserine dehydrogenase catalyzes the conversion of aspartic semialdehyde to homoserine and is associated with a multibranched pathway leading from aspartate to the synthesis of several amino acids. Homoserine is required for the biosynthesis of methionine, threonine, and isoleucine. Aspartic semialdehyde
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