Integrating physical activity (PA) in the classroom is a promising avenue for youth to increase their PA levels and academic achievement. However, research on its role in children's academic motivation is limited. Intrinsic motivation is important because it predicts both academic achievement and physical activity participation. The purpose was to examine the effect of PA integrated with academic lessons compared to traditional lessons on children's academic motivation. A total of 147 4th to 6th grade students (64 male, 83 female) from 15 classes participated. The intervention included six consecutive lessons over a two-week period on an academic subject (Language Arts, Math, Social Studies), alternating between traditional (1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th; control) and integrated with PA (10 min) lessons in the classroom (3rd and 5th). The Intrinsic Motivation Inventory was used to assess students' Interest/Enjoyment, Perceived Competence, Effort, Value, and Pressure. After checking for non-significant interactions with gender, age, and academic subject, repeated-measure ANOVAs were conducted. Interest/Enjoyment significantly decreased after the traditional lessons (4th and 6th, F = 3.80, F = 4.18, respectively, p < 0.05) and increased significantly after the second integrated lesson (5th, F = 7.26, p < 0.01). Perceived Competence and Effort significantly increased after the integrated lesson (F = 4.87, F = 5.03, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas neither the Perceived Value of the lesson declined nor did children report feelings of Pressure from this alternative teaching method. This research showed that PA integrated with the academic subjects can positively impact children's academic motivation.

PEIT is a safe and effective nonsurgical treatment for patients with p-HPT, who are unsuitable for surgical intervention.

Metastatic leiomyosarcoma to the thyroid gland has rarely been described. We report a 54-year-old postmenopausal woman with uterine leiomyosarcoma, who presented with a single "cold" nodule in the right thyroid lobe 3 months after hysterectomy. The lesion was identified as a papillary thyroid carcinoma. In a separate area of the thyroid, a 1.2-mm area of a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm with morphologic and immunohistochemical features of leiomyosarcoma existed. Seven months after thyroidectomy the patient developed micronodular lung disease visible on successive chest computed tomography scans, consistent with metastatic disease from the primary uterine leiomyosarcoma that showed very good and prolonged response to chemotherapy. The thyroid papillary carcinoma was likely the recipient of an early and possibly the first metastasis of the patient's uterine leiomyosarcoma. This is the first report of metastatic leiomyosarcoma coexisting with a primary thyroid carcinoma and supports the possibility of a common pathway connecting thyroid gland neoplasms and sarcomas.

ObJEctIVE: to describe a rare case of occult (<1cm in diameter) medullary thyroid carcinoma (Mtc) in a 45-year-old woman, presenting as an asymptomatic mediastinal mass. DEsIGN: the diagnostic methodology included laboratory measurements of relevant biochemical and hormonal parameters including calcitonin (ct), carcinoembryonic antigen (cEA) and chromogranin A, and imaging techniques including ultrasound (U/s), computed tomography (c/t), magnetic resonance imaging (MrI) and radio labeled somatostatin analog ( 111 In-DtPAoctreotide). rEsULts: chest ct revealed a mediastinal mass measuring 5cm in diameter abutting the right thyroid lobe. cEA was elevated and an association with thyroid malignancies was considered. ct was found to be markedly elevated, pointing to the diagnosis of Mtc metastatic to the mediastinum. the patient underwent total thyroidectomy, lymph node dissection and removal of the mediastinal mass. Histological examination revealed Mtc of the right thyroid lobe measuring 0.5 cm, metastatic to regional and superior mediastinal lymph nodes. cONcLUsIONs: Occult Mtc can infrequently present as an asymptomatic mediastinal mass. Elevated serum ct and cEA along with imaging techniques leads to the correct diagnosis and surgical management of the disease.

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