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We posit that entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship are distinct entrepreneurial behaviors that differ in terms of their salient outcomes for the individual. Since individuals are likely to differ in their attitudes to these salient outcomes, and in their entrepreneurial self-efficacy, we hypothesize that different strength of intention for entrepreneurship versus intrapreneurship will be due to individual differences in self-efficacy and in their attitudes to the outcomes from entrepreneurial, as compared to intrapreneurial, behaviour. We find that while self-efficacy is significantly related to both entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions, attitudes to income, ownership, and autonomy relate only to entrepreneurial intentions, while attitude to risk relates only to intrapreneurial intentions.

The entrepreneurial-intentions literature largely ignores the a posteriori dichotomy of growthoriented and independence-oriented new ventures. We theorize that the 'individual-opportunity nexus' is embodied in the formation of entrepreneurial intention and drives the choice between growth-or independence-oriented new ventures. The orientation of the new venture will depend on the interaction of the salient outcomes offered by the opportunity and the attitudes the individual has /towards those outcomes, and by differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. We find that the attitude antecedents have opposite signs for growth compared to independence intentions, and suggest a means to identify intending entrepreneurs predisposed to growth.

This paper investigates the relationship between career choice and people's attitudes toward income, independence, risk, and work effort. Entrepreneurs are often described in terms of the strength or weakness of their attitudes in these dimensions. Conjoint analysis was used to determine the significance and nature of these attitudes in choosing one Job over another. We also investigated the effect these attitudes have on the intention to start one's own business. Significant relationships were found between the utility expected from a job and the independence, risk, and income it offered. Similarly, the strength of intention to become self-employed was significantly related to the respondents' tolerance for risk and their preference for independence.

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