Efforts to estimate the physical and economic impacts of future climate change face substantial challenges. To enrich the currently popular approaches to impact analysis—which involve evaluation of a damage function or multi-model comparisons based on a limited number of standardized scenarios—we propose integrating a geospatially resolved physical representation of impacts into a coupled human-Earth system modeling framework. Large internationally coordinated exercises cannot easily respond to new policy targets and the implementation of standard scenarios across models, institutions and research communities can yield inconsistent estimates. Here, we argue for a shift toward the use of a self-consistent integrated modeling framework to assess climate impacts, and discuss ways the integrated assessment modeling community can move in this direction. We then demonstrate the capabilities of such a modeling framework by conducting a multi-sectoral assessment of climate impacts under a range of consistent and integrated economic and climate scenarios that are responsive to new policies and business expectations.

Measurements and predictions of ambient ozone (O 3 ), planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, the surface energy budget, wind speed, and other meteorological parameters were made near downtown Houston, Texas, and were used to investigate meteorological controls on elevated levels of ground-level O 3 . Days during the study period (1 April 2009 to 31 December 2010 for measurements and 15 April 2009 to 17 October 2009 for modeled) were classified into low (LO 3 ) and high ozone (HO 3 ) days. The majority of observed high HO 3 days occurred in a postfrontal environment. Observations showed there is not a significant difference in daily maximum PBL heights on HO 3 and LO 3 days. Modeling results showed large differences between maximum PBL heights on HO 3 and LO 3 days. Nighttime and early morning observed and modeled PBL heights are consistently lower on HO 3 days than on LO 3 days. The observed spring LO 3 days had the most rapid early morning PBL growth (~350 m h À1 ) while the fall HO 3 group had the slowest (~200 m h À1 ). The predicted maximum average hourly morning PBL growth rates were greater on HO 3(624 m h À1 ) days than LO 3 days (361 m h À1 ). Observed turbulent mixing parameters were up to 2-3 times weaker on HO 3 days, which indicate large-scale subsidence associated with high-pressure systems (leading to clear skies and weak winds) substantially suppresses mixing. Lower surface layer ventilation coefficients were present in the morning on HO 3 days in the spring and fall, which promotes the accumulation of O 3 precursors near the surface.

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