The objective of the paper was to investigate the main factors determining the yield of fat in goat milk in the dairy goat population of Lithuania. The research was carried out on a total of 1,079 dairy goats (4 breeds: Czech White Shorthaired (n = 610), Saanen (n = 364), Lithuanian native (n = 94) and Anglo-Nubian (11)) in 7 dairy farms. The average milk yield during lactation was 797.42 (±53.3) kg. The average milk fat content was 4.14% (±0.4). The research of the goat milk fat content demonstrated that the indicators investigated in different herds varied. The highest milk fat content in percent was determined among AngloNubian -5.2%. The milk fat content of all breeds of goats increased with increasing the parity up to the 4-6th parity, respectively, and started decreasing then, after reaching the peak. While assessing the quantity of milk fat during the stage of lactation, the highest milk fat content was determined during the first months (4.5-4.7%) and at the end of lactation (4.5%). The research performed by us showed that such factors as breed, parity, stage of lactation and herd had an impact on the quantity of goat milk fat.
A reliable surveillance strategy of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is necessary to ensure adequate disease control measures. However, current approaches assessing geographical TBEV circulation are ineffective or have significant limitations. In this study we investigated a total of 1363 goat and 312 sheep bulk tank milk samples for the presence of TBEV. Samples were collected from systematically selected farms in Lithuania every 4–5 days from April to November in 2018 and 2019. To validate results, we additionally tested 2685 questing ticks collected in the vicinity of milk collection sites. We found 4.25% (95% CI 3.25–5.47) and 4.48% (95% CI 2.47–7.41) goat and sheep milk samples to be positive for TBEV, respectively. Furthermore, geographical distribution of TBEV in milk samples coincided with the known TBE endemic zone and was correlated with incidence of TBE in humans in 2019. When sampling time coincides, TBEV detection in milk samples is as good a method as via flagged ticks, however bulk milk samples can be easier to obtain more frequently and regularly than tick samples. The minimal infectious rate (MIR) in ticks was 0.34% (CI 95% 0.15–0.64). Therefore, our results confirm that testing milk serves as a valuable tool to investigate the spatial distribution of TBEV at higher resolution and lower cost.
Background: Several single nucleotide polymorphisms had been detected in goats and for the researchers it is important to reveal candidate genes with substantial effects on the traits of economic importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between LPL, STAT5 and AGPAT6 gene polymorphisms and milk traits of goats. Methods: We investigated about 204 goats, four different breeds (Czech White Shorthaired, Saanen, Anglo Nubian, Alpine) and two crossbreeds (Saanen and Alpine, Saanen and Anglo Nubian). The milk samples were analysed using spectrophotometers LactoScope 550 and LactoScope FTIR (Delta Instruments, the Netherlands). The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk was determined by flow cytometry method using the Somascope CA-3A4 (Delta Instruments, the Netherlands). Variations of the goat AGPAT6, STAT5, LPL genes were detected by PCR-RFLP method. Result: Analysis of AGPAT6 gene revealed that goats with GC genotype had higher milk yield, fat content and lactose content; goats with CG genotype had higher protein content. STAT5 gene analysis showed that goats with CT genotype had higher milk yield; goats with CC genotype had higher fat content and lactose content; goats with TT genotype had higher protein and urea content and also SCC. According to LPL gene analysis, goats with CC genotype had higher milk yield while goats with GG genotype had higher fat and protein content. The highest milk yield was estimated in Saanen and Alpine crossbreed goats while the highest milk fat and protein content was estimated in Anglo Nubian goats.
The objective of the experiment was to study the effect of extrusion process on the nutritive value of faba beans and to determine its effect on lactation performance of dairy cows. The faba beans were extruded in a single screw extruder at a temperature of 135-155°C. Feed samples were analysed for chemical composition, including amino and fatty acid composition (before and after extrusion). To evaluate the effect of field beans on dairy cows' performance and milk composition, a feeding trial using extruded and non-extruded faba beans in the diets was conducted. The extrusion process had a minor effect on the chemical composition of the faba beans; the crude protein and crude fat contents increased, while the neutral detergent fibre fraction and dry matter decreased. Moreover, no significant effect on the n-6:n-3 ratio of fatty acids and the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices in beans was found. The replacement of un-extruded beans with extruded beans in dairy cow diets had no effect on feed intake or milk yield. Administration of extruded faba beans with concentrate mixture had no effect on other milk traits or efficiency parameters either. These findings indicate that extrusion improves the composition of beans, but the effect on lactation performance of dairy cow is marginal.Please use the following format when citing the article: Kudlinskienė I., Gružauskas R., Daukšienė A., Dovidaitienė G., Želvytė R., Monkevičienė I., Šlyžius E., Urbšienė D., Racevičiūtė-Stupelienė A., Ots M., Kass M., Žilinskas H., Stankevičius R. 2020. Effect of extrusion on the chemical composition of the faba beans and its influence on lactation performance of dairy cows. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 107 (1):
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