<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To investigate the influence of unilateral ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure on the unexposed, partner eye in vivo. To characterize the immunological cross-talk between the eyes and verify a sympathizing reaction of the partner eye via a neurokinin-dependent signaling pathway of substance P and its neurokinin-1 receptor (NKR-1) and/or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> C57BL/6 mice were unilaterally exposed in vivo to UVR-B to a 5-fold cataract threshold equivalent dose of 14.5 kJ/m² with a UV irradiation Bio-Spectra system. The unexposed contralateral eye was completely shielded during irradiation. After 3 and 7 days post exposure, eyes were stained with fluorescence-coupled antibody for substance P NKR-1. The same was performed in control animals receiving only anesthesia but no UVR-B exposure. NKR-1 and MCP-1 levels in ocular tissue lysates were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. <b><i>Results:</i></b> UVR-B induces NKR-1 upregulation after 3 and 7 days in the exposed and in the unexposed, contralateral mouse eye. NKR-1 protein level was upregulated in the exposed and contralateral iris/ciliary body complex, choroidea and in the contralateral retina as well as in the exposed cornea. MCP-1 levels were elevated in the exposed cornea, iris/ciliary body complex, and aqueous humor but not in contralateral ocular tissues. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> UVR-B exposure triggers NKR-1 upregulation not only in the exposed but also in the unexposed, partner eye in various ocular tissues. Following UVR-B exposure, MCP-1 protein levels are upregulated in the exposed eye, but the contralateral side remains unaffected.

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate seizure remission rates in patients with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) receiving antiepileptic drugs. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were searched for studies on pharmacotherapy in patients with BECTS using free search terms or Medical Subject Headings. Only studies that used seizure-freedom rates as an indicator for pharmaceutical efficacy were considered. Different antiepileptic drugs were compared using the Fisher exact test for seizure-freedom rates. Results A total of 19 studies were included, 6 of them being randomized controlled trials. The randomized controlled trials included a total of 308 patients and covered sulthiame (n = 52), topiramate (n = 45), levetiracetam (n = 43), oxcarbazepine (n = 31), carbamazepine (n = 68), and clobazam (n = 18) as well as placebo (n = 35) and untreated control groups (n = 16). Treatment success rates were significantly higher in those children treated with sulthiame, levetiracetam, and clobazam compared with the children treated with carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, or topiramate. Conclusions The available literature suggests the use of sulthiame, levetiracetam, or clobazam as first-line agents for the treatment of BECTS.

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