The European 'refugee crisis' has generated a broad movement of volunteers offering their time and skills to support refugees across the continent, in the absence of nation states. This article focuses on volunteers who helped in the informal refugee camp in Calais called the 'Jungle'. It looks at the importance of emotions as a motivating factor for taking on responsibilities that are usually carried out by humanitarian aid organizations. We argue that empathy is not only the initial motivator for action, but it also sustains the voluntary activity as volunteers make sense of their emotions through working in the camp. This type of volunteering has also created new spaces for sociability and community, as volunteers have formed strong emotional and relational bonds with each other and with the refugees. Finally, this article contributes to the growing body of literature that aims at repositioning emotions within the social sciences research to argue that they are an important analytical tool to understand social life and fieldwork.
in the integration of refugees these sport clubs rests on the hard work and dedication of volunteers and coaches. This article argues that coaches should take an active role in welcoming new members, introducing these members to different groups, and preventing cliques from forming. Many spaces of social interaction do not have individuals who feel able to arbitrate between social actors. In sport, coaches can help to balance out the power dynamics between existing members and new recruits, including refugees, and this can have a powerful effect on integration and belonging for all members.This article contributes to the small but growing academic literature on refugees and sport, by shifting the focus from project outcomes on an essentialised group (refugees) to the practices of leaders within the programme or club. Developing the social skills of coaches and volunteers benefits all members, regardless of social background. This study is the first that focuses on table tennis with refugees and is based in the UK. It is the first research that addresses the inclusive narrative of sports clubs and how the volunteers and coaches operate effects social inclusion. In so doing it does not focus on results and outcomes but on the process of creating a supportive environment. The article demonstrates the importance of participant observation and qualitative analysis to provide holistic approaches to research. This study also demonstrates the importance of carefully managed approaches for all members of the community, rather than focusing (and essentialising) one particular group (I.e. refugees). Sport can breakdown these imposed identity categories and permits the individual to build a new identity as a table tennis player. After summarising the literature on refugees and sport, and the sport integration policy context, this article presents the methodological and ethical considerations. This is followed by the analysis with three key arguments that: 1) an active approach from coaches facilitates integration of all communities when done in 2) a welcoming environment with 3) a focus on fun and social interaction, rather than just sports skills.
Objectives: To investigate time patterns of compliance with nutrient goals recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Design: A single aggregated indicator of distance from the key WHO recommendations for a healthy diet is built using FAOSTAT intake data, bounded between 0 (maximum possible distance from goals) and 1 (perfect adherence). Two hypotheses are tested for different country groupings: (1) whether adherence has improved over time; and (2) whether cross-country disparities in terms of diet healthiness have decreased. Setting: One hundred and forty-nine countries, including 26 countries belonging to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and 115 developing countries (including 43 least developed countries), with yearly data over the period . Results: The Recommendation Compliance Index (RCI) shows significant improvements in adherence to WHO goals for both developing and especially OECD countries. The latter group of countries show the highest levels of the RCI and the largest increase over time, especially between 1981 and 2002. No improvement is detected for least developed countries. A reduction in disparities (convergence of the RCI) is observed only within the OECD grouping. Conclusions: Adherence to healthy eating guidelines depends on economic development. Diets are improving and converging in advanced economies, but developing and especially least developed countries are still far from meeting WHO nutrition goals. This confirms findings on the double burden of malnutrition and suggests that economic drivers are more relevant than socio-cultural factors in determining the healthiness of diets.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.