There are phenotypic distinctions between the neural crest-derived DRG and placodes-derived vagal nodose TRPV1-positive neurons innervating the rat stomach that are similar to those described in thoracic organs.
INTRODUCTION: TRT in men with testosterone defi ciency syndrome (TDS) had multiple positive effects and restore a quality of life of affected men. Polyglobulia is the most common dose-limiting adverse effect of TRT, but the mechanisms of TRT-mediated erythropoesis remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated long term haematological side effects of TRT: polyglobulia, elevated hemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Ht). METHODS: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, the authors treated 69 men with TDS and the average age 59 years and the follow-up period 81.32 months. The men were treated with three-month i.m. injections of 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate. The elevated values were: Hb above 176 g/l, Ht above 0.52 and erythrocytes (Ery) above 6.0 mil/mcl. RESULTS: 21 out of 69 patients (30.43 %) had an increased Hb, Ht or Ery during treatment. The interesting fact was that only fi ve men (7.24 %) had increased the number of Ery (true polyglobulia). No men with elevated level of Hb, Ht or Ery had other side effects (like thrombosis). CONCLUSION: It is still not clear, why in some men on TRT the feedback does not work and bone marrow production of red blood cells continues even if the upper limit is reached. Authors expect that only 7% of men had true polyglobulia, other men had elevated Hb or Ht. Based on our own experience we recommend a regular check of men on TRT on order to avoid possible serious side-effects (Tab. 1, Fig. 2
Introduction. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology, commonly involving the lungs. Cough is a frequent and troublesome symptom of sarcoidosis that reduces patients’ quality of life. Aim. Retrospective analysis of different factors—smoking history, Scadding stage, results of lung function testing, calcium metabolism, endobronchial finding, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and other sarcoidosis symptoms in relationship to presence/absence of cough in sarcoidosis patients. Methods. We retrospectively studied sarcoidosis patients diagnosed at the Clinic of Pneumology and Phthisiology of Martin University Hospital between 1998 and 2018. Patients with a history of cough-relevant comorbidities were excluded from the study. GraphPad Prism 7.0 software was used to perform statistical analysis. Results. 101 sarcoidosis patients were included to the study: 65 patients reporting from cough and 36 without cough. The cough was slightly more frequent in nonsmokers (p=0.166) and in women (p=0.688). Cough was associated with dyspnoea (p=0.0007), fever (p=0.0324), and chest pain (p=0.0206) and did not associate with arthralgia (p=0.317) and erythema nodosum (p=0.505). Patients with cough had significantly a lower average value of calciuria (p=0.0014) and lower MEF25 (p=0.0304), MEF50 (p=0.0061), FEV1 (p=0.0025), and FVC (p=0.0025) in % of predicted values, and more often positive endobronchial finding (p=0.0206), compared to patients without cough. Calcemia, FEV1/FVC, DLCO, and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in BALF and occurrence of cough did not differ between different stages of the disease. Conclusions. We found significant differences between sarcoidosis patients with/without cough regarding symptoms, results of lung function tests, endobronchial finding, and calcium metabolism. Further research is needed to understand the etiopathogenesis of cough in sarcoidosis patients.
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