Latar Belakang: Lalat merupakan salah satu serangga yang memiliki populasi tinggi di lingkungan masyarakat. Lalat berperan dalam penularan penyakit pada manusia seperti disentri, tifoid, kolera infeksi cacing, conjungtivitis, trachoma kusta, mikosis, dan difteri kutaneus. Fly trap digunakan untuk pengendalian lalat dewasa dalam jumlah besar dan padat. Penerapan Fly trap dilakukan diluar rumah pada udara terbuka dan tidak terhindar dari pepohonan. Penggunaan alat ini berpasangan dengan umpan yang digunakan untuk menarik lalat dengan bau dan kandungan pada umpan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektifitas variasi umpan pada Fly trap dalam pengendalian lalat di tempat pembuangan sementara (TPS) Jalan Andong Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan variasi umpan ikan, udang, buah nangka, terasi, dan buah mangga. Pengukuran dilakukan pada radius ± 1 Meter dari tumpukan sampah dan dibiarkan selama 2 jam selanjutnya lalat yang terperangkap dihitung menggunakan handcounter. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova dengan derajat kesalahan α 0.05 dan dilanjutkan uji Post hoc Tamhanne.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat hasil yang signifikan rata-rata lalat yang terperangkap pada Fly trap dengan umpan terasi dan umpan udang diperoleh nilai p=0,042 (p<α). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara umpan terasi dan umpan udang. Lalat yang terperangkap pada Fly trap umpan terasi sebanyak 69 ekor lalat, dan lalat yang terperanfkap pada Fly trap umpan udang sebanyak 1123 ekor lalat.Simpulan: Ada perbedaan rata-rata lalat yang terperangkap pada Fly trap umpan ikan, udang, buah nangka, terasi dan buah mangga. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata lalat yang terperangkap antara Fly trap umpan terasi dan umpan udang. ABSTRACT Title: The Effectivennes of various feed variations in the fly trap as a control of fly density at the Andong street Yogyakarta.Background: Flies are one of the insects that have a high population in the community. Flies play a role in transmitting disease to humans such a dysentery, typoid, cholera, worm infection, conjungtivitis, leprosy trachoma, mycosis and cutaneus diphteria. Fly traps are used fpr the control of large and dense adult flies. The application on fly traps is carried out outside the house in the open air and is not spared from trees. The use of this tool is paired with the bait used the attract flies to get closer to the smell and content of the bait, this research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of bait varians in the fly trap in controlling flies at the temporary disposal site (TPS) at the Andong street Yogyakarta.Method: This research was a experimental study with a variety of bait fish, shrimp, jackfruit, shrimp paste, and mango. Measurements were made at radius of ± 1 meter from the garbage pile. The data obtained were analyzed using the One Way Anova tesy with an error degree of α=0,05 and continued with the Post hoc Tamhanne test.Result: The result showed that there were significant result on the average of flies trapped in the fly trap with the shrimp paste bait and shrimp bait obtained p value = 0.042 (p<α). That there was a significant difference between shrimp paste bait and shrimp bait.Conclusions: There was a difference in the average number of flies trapped in fly traps for fish, shrimp, jackfruit, shrimp paste, mango. There was a significant difference of flies trapped between shrimp paste bait and shrimp bait. Fly trap shrimp bait is the most preferred bait by flies shrimp paste bait is the least preferred bait by flies.
Taeniasis and cysticercosis are zoonotic diseases pigs and still become a health problem in West Papua. In 2003-2004, the prevalence of taeniasis was 4.1% and cysticercosis 2.3%. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of transmission of the disease. A cross-sectional design was carried out in March-December 2016, with 1,489 of respondents. Data was collected through fingertip blood collection and interviews for determinant factors of taeniasis transmission and cysticercosis. Examination of blood samples was carried out using magnetic microparticle immunoassay. The results of the study on taeniasis proportion were 3.0% (n=1.489) and taeniasis determinant factors were education [RR=1.3; CI 95% (0.695-2.418); p=0.047], hand washing habits before eating [RR=12.3; CI 95% (5.857-25.853); p=0.0001], habit of washing hands after defecate (p=0.0001), consuming vegetables (p=0.0001), vegetables being washed in the river [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.153-0.674); p=0.002] and consumption of roast meat [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.166-0.570); p=0.0001]. The proportion of cysticercosis is 3.2% (n=1,489). and cysticercosis determinant factors are education [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.162-0.819); p=0.011], hand washing habits before eating [RR=2.4; CI 95% (1.344-4.351); p=0.002], the habit of washing hands after defecate [RR=3.2; 95% CI (1.787-5.809); p=0.0001], nail hygiene [RR=2.8 CI 95% (1.415-5.546); p=0.002], consumption of vegetables [RR=0.3; CI 95% (0.179-0.577); p=0,0001], vegetables are washed in the river [RR=0.4; CI 95% (0.222-0.837); p=0.012]. Determinant factors of Taeniasis and cysticercosis were education level, hand washing, nail hygiene, consumption of vegetables, washing vegetables in the river and consumption of roasted meat. It is crucial to provide education to community about clean,healthy behavior, and consumption of cooked meat.
<p class="Englishversionofabstract">HIV-TB co-infection still becomes a health problem in Indonesia, including in Nabire district, Papua province, which has the highest number of cases. HIV and TB infections are closely related and affect the epidemiology of one another. This study aims to determine the profile description of HIV-TB co-infected patients in Nabire. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design on 90 people with HIV/AIDS selected consecutively. Data were analyzed univariately and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. The results showed that of 55 HIV/AIDS co-infected TB patients, almost all (90.9%) were Papuan ethnic, 70.9% were female and aged 30 to 49 years (50.9%) with a mean of 31.309.36 years. The majority of HIV-TB co-infected patients were married (63.6%), holding secondary education (58.2%), working (67.3%), engaging in sexual activity after 17 years of age, only having one sexual partner, and did not use drugs or obtain blood transfusions. The clinical profile of HIV-TB patients showed that 67.3% of the patients were with baseline CD4 count ≤350 cells/mm3, 64.8% had CD4 count at the time of study >350 cells/mm3, and viral load values fewer than 5000 copies/ml (87.3%). The therapy most widely received for patients with HIV-TB coinfection was the combination of ARV 3TC+EFV+TDF (76.4%). The most common clinical symptoms of HIV/AIDS patients were weight loss (56.4%), cough (40%), recurrent oral thrush (36.4%), chickenpox (32.7%), and tuberculosis lymph nodes (18.2%).</p>
Background<br />In acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases, cytopenias of all major blood cell lines were increasingly recognized in patients with HIV infection. Anemia commonly occurs during HIV infection and has been associated with increased progression to AIDS and decreased survival. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and associated risk factors in adults with HIV-AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). <br /><br />Methods<br />A cross sectional study was conducted involving 90 adults with HIV-AIDS. Sociodemographic data were collected using a questionnaire. In all patients, CD4+ lymphocyte counts were performed by means of a PIMA analyzer, while hemoglobin was determined using a Sysmex hematology analyzer. The WHO cutoff value of hemoglobin was adjusted to altitude to define anemia. Mild to moderate anemia was defined as hemoglobin 8-13 g/dL for men and 8-12 g/dL for women. Severe anemia was defined as hemoglobin 8 g/dL. Data was analyzed by using logistic regression test.<br /><br />Results<br />There were 90 subjects with HIV-AIDS in this study. Anemia was found in 50 subjects (55.6%), consisting of 12.2% with mild anemia and 43.4% with moderate to severe anemia. Multiple logistic regression showed that an important risk factor for anemia was low body mass index (BMI) between <17-18.5 (OR=4.20; 95% CI=1.23-14.36). However, the CD4 <350 cells/mm3 was not a significant risk factor for anemia (OR=1.03; 95% CI=0.21-5.04).<br /><br />Conclusions<br />Low BMI increases the risk of anemia in subjects with HIV receiving ART. Better screening for anemia and infectious diseases, and modified harm reduction strategy for injection drug users are primary needs in HIV patients.
Nilai hitung CD4 telah dijadikan indikator efikasi terapi antiretroviral (ARV). Peningkatan nilai hitung CD4 diharapkan terjadi setelah terapi dilakukan, tetapi penurunan nilai hitung CD4 ditemui pada ODHA yang diterapi dalam jangka waktu lama. Anemia dianggap sebagai salah satu penyebab penurunan nilai hitung CD4. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat hubungan terapi ARV terhadap perubahan nilai hitung CD4 sebelum dan sesudah terapi, dan hubungan anemia terhadap perubahan nilai hitung CD4. Populasi adalah ODHA yang terdaftar di RS. Mitra Masyarakat, Mimika. Sampel adalah 90 ODHA yang terdaftar di VCT RS. Mitra Masyarakat, Mimika yang sudah menerima terapi ARV lebih dari 6 bulan. Sebanyak 67 dari 90 subyek yang memiliki data CD4 sebelum dan sesudah terapi dianalisis menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hubungan anemia dengan perubahan nilai hitung CD4 dianalisis menggunakan chi square. Mayoritas subyek penelitian adalah perempuan sebanyak 49 orang (73,1%), dengan kelompok umur 25-35 tahun yaitu 27 orang (40,3%). Sebanyak 38 orang (56,7%) diterapi ARV kurang dari 39 bulan, dan sisanya lebih dari 39 bulan. Uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan nilai hitung CD4 meskipun telah diterapi ARV, tetapi anemia bukan faktor risiko penyebab penurunan tersebut. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan evaluasi berkesinambungan pada ODHA yang diterapi ARV.
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