Objective: To establish a profile of the victim of child-abuse, and of the individual who commits the abuse against children.Method: 225 cases of confirmed child-abuse (SOS Criança -Curitiba) were studied in 1998; a protocol with queries to analyze the child and the abuser was applied.Results: The following models were found: 56% of the children were in school age; 59.6% were the first child of the couple; 84.4% were natural offspring and 71.1% of the children had a satisfactory school record. Multiple injuries (38.2%) were found on the victims' bodies, the majority of them bruises (37.8%). The main aggressor was the mother (42.2%); 25.8% of them said the reason for the violence was disciplinary, and 72% denied using alcohol. Conclusion:The children who suffer more from physical abuse, according to the study, are first-born children of married parents, between 5 and 11 years old; their schooling level is compatible with their age. The mother, with her own hands, is the main aggressor; she normally leaves bruises in several parts of the victim's body, with the objective of educating, or setting limits to the child. ResumoObjetivo: conhecer o perfil da criança vítima de agressão física e do agente responsável pela violência contra ela.Método: investigaram-se 225 casos confirmados de abuso físi-co do SOS Criança, de Curitiba, durante o ano de 1.998, aos quais se aplicou um protocolo com quesitos voltados à análise da criança violentada e do agente agressor.Resultados: registraram-se os seguintes modelos: 56% das crianças avaliadas apresentavam-se em idade escolar; 59,6% eram o primeiro filho da família; 84,4% consistiam em filhos naturais e 71,1% das crianças apresentavam satisfatório rendimento escolar. Múltiplas lesões (38,2%) atingiram o corpo das vítimas, e os ferimentos, na maioria das vezes (37,8%), apresentaram-se como hematomas. O principal agente agressor foi a mãe (42,2%), das quais 25,8% alegaram a causa disciplinar para o abuso, utilizaram-se das mãos (32,5%) para efetuar a violência e 72% delas negam o uso de bebida alcóolica.Conclusões: As crianças que mais sofrem agressão física, segundo a amostra estudada, consistem em filhos legítimos e primogênitos, com faixa etária entre 5 e 11 anos e com nível escolar compatível com a idade. A mãe, com suas próprias mãos, resume-se no principal agente agressor, e deixa geralmente hematomas, em diversos segmentos do corpo da criança, com o princípio de educar, ou seja, a colocação de limites. Introdução O abuso físico é uma lesão provocada na criança causada por um responsável -por qualquer razão. As lesões incluem os danos ao tecido além do eritema, por um tapa em qualquer área do corpo, que não a mão ou as nádegas. O uso de um instrumento em qualquer parte do corpo é abuso 10 .A incidência do abuso físico parece ter aumentado, ultimamente, devido ao maior número de notificações e à mudança na legislação, a qual determina a notificação obrigatória de casos suspeitos 2 . Além disso, esta escalada ocorre no momento em que os óbitos por doenças médicas e t...

Objectives: We analyzed whether the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification could be used as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. Methods: ASA classification’s impact on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and on overall survival in 145 patients submitted to radical or partial nephrectomy was evaluated, and was compared with clinicopathological variables. Results: CSS was influenced by ASA in uni- and multivariate analyses. Five-year CSS was 95.7, 71.1 and 39.8% for ASA 1, ASA 2 and ASA 3, respectively (p = 0.007). The ASA classification influenced the overall survival too (p < 0.001). When 18 patients with metastases were excluded, the CSS was 95.7, 83.9 and 42.9% for ASA 1, ASA 2 and ASA 3, respectively (p = 0.001). ASA 3 patients had ten times more metastases than ASA1 patients and two times more than ASA 2 patients (p = 0.001). ASA 3 patients had fewer incidental tumors (p = 0.043) than ASA 2 and 3 patients. Conclusion: In this series, the ASA classification could be used as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma.

Objective: To establish a profile of the victim of child-abuse, and of the individual who commits the abuse against children. Method: 225 cases of confirmed child-abuse (SOS Criança-Curitiba) were studied in 1998; a protocol with queries to analyze the child and the abuser was applied. Results: The following models were found: 56% of the children were in school age; 59.6% were the first child of the couple; 84.4% were natural offspring and 71.1% of the children had a satisfactory school record. Multiple injuries (38.2%) were found on the victims' bodies, the majority of them bruises (37.8%). The main aggressor was the mother (42.2%); 25.8% of them said the reason for the violence was disciplinary, and 72% denied using alcohol. Conclusion: The children who suffer more from physical abuse, according to the study, are first-born children of married parents, between 5 and 11 years old; their schooling level is compatible with their age. The mother, with her own hands, is the main aggressor; she normally leaves bruises in several parts of the victim's body, with the objective of educating, or setting limits to the child.

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Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) corresponds to 3% of the neoplasms in the adults. Surgery is the main mode of treatment, which can be associated toretroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the presence of clinically tumor positive lymph nodes. Castleman Disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, with little-known etiopathogenesis. It rarely affects the retroperitoneum. Thorax, neck, and abdomen are more frequently affected. Therefore, CD can simulate lymphatic spread from RCC to the retroperitoneum, also leading to a possible misdiagnosis, or diagnosis concerning a paraneoplastic syndrome due to RCC.

Results ResultsResults Results: The mean follow-up time was 41.9 months. Hemizygous deletion was detected in 18 patients (33.9%), while the homozygous one was present in three (5.6%). Deletion was present in approximately 40% of the analyzed cases. Monosomy and trisomy were detected in nine (17%) and two patients (3.8%), respectively. In 21 patients (39.6%) the analysis of the PTEN gene by in situ hybridization was normal. There were no statistically significant differences in overall (p = 0.468) and disease-free (p = 0.344) survival rates between patients with or without deletion. Factors which were independent for overall survival: TNM clinical stage, symptoms at diagnosis, high Fuhrmann grade, performance status (ECoG) and tumor recurrence. . Despite the increase in diagnosis of smaller, asymptomatic renal tumors, nearly 30% of patients have metastases at diagnosis and other 30% will develop metastases during the course of the disease, even when it is localized [1][2][3][4] . Biomolecular factors have been studied to aid in clinical and pathological staging, identifying different genes and proteins capable of predicting the risk of progression or death by the disease and identify patients who may have a better response to treatment 3 . Among the genes studied, PTEN (phosphatase with tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10) is a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q23 and may be inactivated due to mutations and deletions, these being found in various solid malignancies 2. In RCC, a deletion or mutation of PTEN, as well as its immunohistochemistry low expression, are associated with the invasive and metastatic phenotype of tumor 2,[4][5][6][7][8] . The aim of this study was to analyze the PTEN gene via tissue microarray (TMA) by the technique of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), determining the frequency of deletion and its impact on the rates of overall and disease free survival. METHODS METHODS METHODS METHODS METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 53 patients with renal cell carcinoma, metastatic or not at diagnosis, and subjected to surgical treatment between 1980 and 2007. The research of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of the PTEN gene was initially performed in specimens from 110 patients, which had been submitted to TMA, but only in 53 samples (48.2%) it was possible to perform the proposed reaction. The 53 tumors designated by their corresponding registration pathology report numbers, previously selected and classified, were included in the construction of a TMA receptor paraffin block (Beecher Instruments, Silver Spring, MD) from samples of the original donor block, with 1mm diameter needle (TMArrayer punch MP10-1.0mm) after the previous choice and marking of the neoplasm representative area from the original hematoxylin and eosin slide.We performed punctures in duplicate (two fragments each case) of the donor and receptor paraffin blocks, thus containing two different areas of the tumor in each case. Histological sections with 3 to 4 ìm thickness of the receptor paraffin bloc...

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