ABSTRACT.-Sczesny-Moraes E.A., Bianchin I., Silva K.F., Catto J. Among the methods of control of gastrointestinal worms in sheep, the use of chemicals is the most common. However, the continued, and indiscriminate, use of these products has selected populations of resistant helminths to anthelmintics, a phenomenon reported in the whole world. This study aimed to identify the species of gastrointestinal parasites and diagnose the status of anthelmintic resistance in sheep in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil. Feacal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were performed in flocks of sixteen farms, and the seven formulations used contained the following pharmacological bases: Albendazole, Ivermectin, Levamizol, Trichlorfon, Moxidectin, Closantel and one containing the first three in association. The species identified at necropsy, in adult sheep, were: Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei, C. punctata, C. pectinata and Oesophagostomum columbianum, in order of prevalence. The formulations containing Albendazole and Ivermectin did not show efficacy in reducing the EPG in the flocks tested, with average reductions of 0.7 and -19.6%, respectively. Closantel presented an average efficacy of 6.7%; Levamisolee, Moxidectin and Trichlorfon, 28.7, 26.8 and 65% respectively, the combination of three bases (Albendazole, Ivermectin and Levamizol), an average efficacy of 55.8 %. The average percentages of infective larvae recovered in the faecal cultures, pre and post treatment were similar, indicating that resistance to the bases tested is present in all species cited, to a greater or lesser degree. The two genera predominantly resistant are Haemonchus sp., with 86.9%, followed by Trichostrongylus sp., with an average of 47.5%, Strongyloides sp. 33.6%, Oesophagostomum sp.

. Predation on young treefrogs (Osteocephalus taurinus) by arthropods (Insecta, Mantodea and Arachnida, Araneae) in Central Brazil. Biota Neotrop. 10(3): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v10n3/en/abstract?shortcommunication+bn04310032010.Abstract: Praying mantis and spider species are common food items in the diet of several anuran species. Nevertheless, in this study we report the predation of young treefrogs Osteocephalus taurinus by two spider species, a Pisauridae and a Trechaleidae (Neoctenus sp.) and by the praying mantis Eumusonia sp. in Mato Grosso, Central Brazil. The great abundance of this treefrog in the region, combined with its small body size during the juvenil stage, favor its predation by generalists predators. Indeed, more studies are needed to quantify the real influence of invertebrate predators on anuran populations.

Rhinella scitula is a small bufonid (snout-vent length 34-46 mm in males and 46-51 mm in females) belonging to R. margaritifera group that is found mainly on the margins of temporary or permanent streams within gallery forest (Caramaschi and Niemeyer 2003). Its reproduction takes place in small streams after rainfalls (explosive pattern), where males call mainly during twilight (Caramaschi and Niemeyer 2003). The geographical distribution of the species within Brazil is known to range from southwestern to central state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Caramaschi and Niemeyer 2003; Maragno and Souza 2007). It is also recorded in Paraguay, near the border with Brazil, in the provinces of Amambay and Concepcion (Brusquetti and Lavilla 2006).