The so-azlled entactogens 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ([MDMAJ also known as "Ecstasy," or "Adam"j and its analog 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine ([MDEJ also known as "Eve") exert similar psychotropic effects in humans. Two do uble-blind placebo-controlled psychometric studies with normal control subjects were conducted. Placebo or MDE (140 mg) was administered orally to eight male volunteers at 1:30 P.M. and to six subjects (3 male, 3 female) at 11 P.M. Psychologic tests and clinical ratings were performed 1 hour before the administration of the drugs, as well as 2, 5, and 24 hours after drug intake and 7 days thereafter in the first study. In the second study, measures were taken at times -1, + 8. 5, + 24 hours, and + 7 days. The majority of the KEY WORDS: Entactogens; MDE; MDMA; Psychologic effects According to anecdotal evidence, 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine ([MDMA] also known as "Ecstasy," "Adam," and "XTC") and 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphe tamine ([MDE] also known as "Eve") exert unique psy chologic effect in humans, discriminating them from chemically related substances like the stimulant am phetamine and the hallucinogens 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine (MDA) and 3,4,5-trimethoxy-phene-
The drug 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine ([MDE] also known as "Eve") is a less toxic analog of 3,4-mtthylenedioxymethamphetamine (also known as "Ecstasy") with similar psychotropic effects in humans.In a double-blind placebo-controlled, cross-over study we IIlministered 140 mg of MDE or placebo orally to eight htaIthy male volunteers at 1:30 P.M. Serum cortisol, prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) levels, as well as blood pressure, and heart rate were measured
From the clinical point of view, substance-induced psychosis can be rather similar to schizophrenia. However, the question whether phenomenological resemblances represent similar underlying causal mechanisms is unsolved. Whereas the interest in experimentally induced psychosis was purely academic until the mid-1960s, the widespread use of "recreational" drugs provided this research with an important practical impact. With respect to a given case the differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and drug-induced psychosis it is often problematic. The differences in psychopathology refer to the disturbances of experience in general (Ichstörungen), the character of the hallucinations and the quality and quantity of the alterations of consciousness. Contrary to the sharp distinctions which used to be drawn between schizophrenia and drug-induced psychotic states, we hold that these states are rather similar, and may even represent a common underlying pathology. Hence, the renewed interest in the study on experimentally induced psychotic states using advanced methodology seems justified.
Three adult schizophrenic patients without a previous history of epilepsy are reported who, during clozapine treatment, developed paroxysmal EEG patterns and generalized myoclonic jerks without alteration of consciousness. These seizures were phenomenologically identical to those occurring in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and were classified as generalized epileptic seizures. We tentatively conclude that generalized myoclonic epileptic seizures may be induced by clozapine.
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