art Trek: Looking at art with young children absTraCTThe Art Trek is a learning programme for families with children between the ages of 5 and 12 at Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met). It interactively exposes children to different artworks across cultures and styles in multiple artistic experiences, by questioning, listening, discussing, playing and drawing in a group setting. With access to museums at an early age, children can experience impressive images, explore cultures and develop skills to interpret visual language. I was able to observe the Art Trek programme with five pre-service elementary art teachers who were university undergraduate students in an art methods class I taught. 1 In this article, I will discuss the importance of art and museum education for children at an early age. I then will address some suggestions on how art and museum educators can provide more meaningful and quality art experiences for young children as they view and explore works of art.
We report obstruction of the left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT) caused by cardiac myxoma that was misidentified as an accessory mitral valve tissue preoperatively. A 65-year-old woman presented with chest discomfort that persisted for 7 days. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a mobile, lowechogenic, balloon-shaped mass attached to the anterior mitral valve leaflet and papillary muscle, which was suspected to be an accessory mitral valve tissue. Because the mass caused LVOT obstruction and it could result in hemodynamic instability, emergency operation was performed. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed, and the mass had irregular margins and was pedunculated, with a stalk originating from the left ventricle (LV) wall and extending to the lateral chordae of the mitral valve. The surgeon excised the mass filled with the myxomatous mass, which was yellowish and gelatinous and had a stiff stalk, and histopathologic diagnosis confirmed a myxoma. Although mitral valve or LV myxomas are rare, TEE is a useful tool for distinguishing a myxoma from other intracardiac masses, such as vegetation or an accessory mitral valve tissue.
In this report, we describe our successful experience using oblique interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injection (OIL-ESI) to treat patient with low back pain and lumbosacral radicular pain, and a literature review.
CASE REPoRTAn 82-year-old female patient who had undergone posterior lumbar interbody fusion in the L4-L5-S1 region eighteen Epidural steroid injection (ESI), which is commonly used for treatment of low back pain with lumbosacral radicular pain, can be performed via transforaminal, interlaminar, or caudal routes. The transforaminal route is generally regarded as more effective than the interlaminar route due to its high level of drug delivery to the ventral epidural space. However, in some postoperative patients, use of the transforaminal route may be difficult. Thus, there is an urgent need for technology that can offer more effective drug delivery to the ventral epidural space with fewer complications. In this context, we describe a case about our new method where patient has undergone oblique interlaminar lumbar epidural steroid injection (OIL-ESI) instead of transforaminal ESI. We treated a patient with OIL-ESI instead of transforaminal ESI. Patient was symptomatic improved at postoperative visits. Based on our findings, OIL-ESI may be a suitable alternative to transforaminal ESI.
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