Addition of sufentanil and clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine provided adequate anesthesia for cesarean section and good postoperative analgesia. Clonidine caused more perioperative sedation and longer time to motor block recovery. Pruritus was evident when opioids were used.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of fentanyl and sufentanil combined with hyperbaric spinal bupivacaine in elective cesarean section. METHODS:A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with 64 term parturients, distributed into 2 groups according to the opioid combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (10mg): GF -fentanyl (25µg) and GS -sufentanil (5.0µg). The latency and maximum sensory block level; degree and duration of motor block; duration and quality of analgesia; maternal-fetal repercussions were evaluated.This was an intention-to-treat analysis with a 5% significance level. RESULTS:The latency period, maximum sensory block level, motor block degree and perioperative analgesia were similar in both groups. Motor block and analgesia had a longer duration in the sufentanil group. Maternal adverse effects and neonatal repercussions were similar. The incidence of hypotension was higher in the fentanyl group. In both groups, there was a predominance of patients who were awake and either calm or sleepy. CONCLUSIONS:The addition of fentanyl and sufentanil to hyperbaric subarachnoid bupivacaine was shown to be effective for the performance of cesarean section, and safe for the mother and fetus. Analgesia was more prolonged with sufentanil.Key words: Anesthetics. Combined Subarachnoid Space. Analgesics, Opioid. Fentanyl, Sufentanil. Anesthetics, Local. Bupivacaine. Cesarean Section.Association of lipophilic opioids and hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section.

No abstract

Gender-related differences in gastric emptying are still controversial. The aims of this study were: to confirm the sex-related difference in gastric emptying of a solid meal and to investigate its association with different patterns of meal distribution between the proximal and distal gastric compartments. Eighteen healthy volunteers (nine males, mean age 35 +/- 9 years; nine females, mean age: 41 +/- 11 years) were studied in the morning, after ingestion of the solid test-meal (an omelette labeled with 185MBq of 99mTc-sulfur colloid). Simultaneous anterior and posterior images of the stomach were acquired immediately after ingestion of the meal and every 10 minutes for 120 minutes. Time versus activity curves were obtained for the whole, proximal and distal stomach. Gastric T1/2 was longer in women (96.1 +/- 17.2 min) than in men (79.9 +/- 17.8 min; P = 0.02). The analysis of the meal distribution inside the stomach showed no differences between males and females in proximal gastric emptying, but the meal retention in the distal compartment was significantly increased among women (P = 0.04). In conclusion, gastric emptying of a solid meal is slower in pre-menopausal women than in age-matched men, probably due to an increased retention of the meal in the distal compartment. This should be taken into consideration to avoid misleading diagnosis of gastroparesis for female patients.

Summary: Braga AA, Frias JAF, Braga FS, Potério GB, Hirata ES, Torres NA -Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section. Use of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine (10 mg) Combined with Different Adjuvants. Background and objectives:Combination of local anesthetics (LA) with adjuvants for spinal anesthesia improves block quality and prolongs the duration of analgesia. It was evaluated the maternal effects and neonatal repercussions of sufentanil, morphine, and clonidine combined with hyperbaric bupivacaine for elective cesarean section.

General anesthesia associated or not with epidural block was the anesthetic technique used. Hypotension was the most common hemodynamic change. Live-donor graft and volume of hydration of 80 mL.kg(-1) of NS favored diuresis.

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVOS:A primeira referência de retardo no esvaziamento gástrico (EG) foi feita por Grodstein em 1979. Outros estudos foram publicados posteriormente, nem sempre confirmando essa observação. A importância do EG em anestesia pode ser resumida em um de seus aspectos principais, o jejum pré-operatório. O retardo no esvaziamento pode causar estase e aumentar o risco de vômito e aspiração pulmonar. A possibilidade de existir retardo do esvaziamento em urêmicos é atraente. Queixas dispépticas são comuns nesses pacientes e poderiam ser explicadas pela dificuldade de esvaziamento gástrico. Apesar das evidências, a literatura é muito controversa nesse aspecto. Não há consenso quanto aos resultados obtidos. Diferenças no método de estudo utilizado poderiam explicar esses resultados, observados em estudos clínicos e experimentais. O objetivo desse estudo foi rever alguns aspectos importantes da síndrome dispéptica em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC) terminal, com ênfa-se no retardo do EG. CONTEÚDO:Serão abordados os aspectos básicos relacionados com a fisiologia do EG, os métodos mais empregados para o estudo do EG, a síndrome dispéptica e a uremia e o esvaziamento gástrico na insuficiência renal crônica. CONCLUSÕES:O EG é um processo fisiológico complexo de transferência do alimento do estômago para o duodeno, cujos mecanismos ainda não estão devidamente esclarecidos. A cintilografia, utilizando refeições acrescidas de radiofármacos, é o exame mais utilizado para o estudo do EG. Uma porcentagem expressiva de pacientes com IRC terminal apresenta retardo no EG. Possivelmente outros mecanismos, além da uremia que participa da função motora gástrica, estão envolvidos nesta disfunção.

The use of infusion solutions in the surgical field requires careful monitoring, such as electrocardiography, measurement of serum potassium, and availability of calcium gluconate, insulin, and albuterol for immediate use. The replacement of Euro-Collins' solution for saline solution immediately before the implant may be a useful option in patients with high levels of potassium.