Objective. Injury is the leading cause of death and long-term disability in children. Longitudinal cohorts are designed to follow subjects longitudinally in order to determine if early-life exposures are related to certain health outcomes. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to identify studies of children from birth through 5 years who were followed longitudinally with unintentional injury as an outcome of interest. Results. Of the 1892 unique references based on the search criteria, 12 (published between 2000 and 2013) were included. The studies varied on the population of focus, injury definition, and incidence rates. Existing studies that longitudinally follow children aged 0 to 5 years are limited in number, scope, and generalizability. Conclusions. Further study using population-based longitudinal cohorts is necessary to more comprehensively estimate incidence of injury in young children.
Objective:
To measure the effect of motor vehicle crash (MVC) involvement and readiness to change drinking and driving behaviors on subsequent driving and drinking behaviors among injured emergency department (ED) patients who use alcohol at harmful levels.
Methods:
A secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial of injured ED patients who screened positive for harmful alcohol use, who at recruitment reported driving in the past 12 months and received at least one of the intended intervention sessions (brief behavioral intervention versus attention placebo control [N = 407]). Outcome variables were: 1) change in six impaired driving behaviors, 2) report of MVCs and traffic violations in the 12 months following recruitment; predictor variables were: 1) treatment assignment, 2) MVC involvement at recruitment, and 3) baseline readiness to change alcohol use and drinking and driving.
Results:
Modeling of change in the six impaired driving variables indicated that neither the recruitment visits being MVC-related, nor baseline readiness to change alcohol use and drinking and driving behaviors, predicted greater changes in impaired driving over time. Baseline reports of past moving traffic violations and the ED visit being MVC related predicted a greater likelihood of each behavior at 12 months following study recruitment.
Conclusions:
This study and others have demonstrated that ED patients with harmful alcohol use are willing to engage in behavioral interventions directed at changing risky behaviors. However, this study did not demonstrate that patients considered having the potential to be more engaged with the intervention, because their ED visit was MVC-related and/or they had expressed intent to change their risky alcohol use and drinking and driving behaviors, were more likely to change these risky behaviors.
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