OBJECTIVESTo determine the prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in the adult Korean population of South Korea.METHODSData were analyzed from 9,193 participants who were 40 years of age or older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), conducted from 2009 to 2010. Standardized slit-lamp examinations were performed by study ophthalmologists to examine the anterior segment for evidence of pterygium. Pterygium was graded clinically as T1 (atrophic), T2 (intermediate), or T3 (opaque). Every participant underwent ocular and systemic examinations, as well as interviewer-administered questionnaires. Any evidence of pterygium and observed association between the risk factors were recorded.RESULTSThe mean age of the subjects was 55.7 (±0.2) years. Of the 9,193 eligible subjects, 935 had pterygium in at least one eye. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, pterygium was significantly associated with rural vs. urban residence (odds ratio [OR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 2.0), lower level of education (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 3.1 to 6.6), low income (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0 to 1.8), smoking (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 1.0), and more hours of sun exposure (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8). After adjusting for all variables, the prevalence of pterygium was significantly associated with age, sex, residence, education level, and smoking.CONCLUSIONSThis is a nationwide epidemiologic study in South Korea to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for pterygium. The overall prevalence of pterygium was 8.8% among Koreans aged 40 years or older. Older age, male gender, rural residence, lower level of education, and non-smoking were associated with the development of pterygium.

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Purpose:The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that influence Korean adolescents' depression and suicidal ideation from individual, social and environmental perspectives by gender. The study used the date of the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey and the subjects were 68,043 middle and high school students. The levels of depression and suicidal ideation were the dependent variables and the factors influencing the dependent variables included 11 individual factors, 3 social factors and 7 environmental factors. The data were analyzed using odds ratios (OR) from multi-variable logistic regression analysis. As a result, the most significant individual factors that influenced both depression and suicidal ideation were stress and subjective happiness both in boy and girls, the most significant social factor was participation in violence treatment programs, and the most significant environmental factors were economic status, father's educational level, and whether or not they lived with their family. Therefore, programs and policies to improve adolescents' mental health should be developed considering individual, social, and environmental factors. 서 론1. 연구의 필요성 청소년 정신건강의 심각성은 대표적으로 우울증과 자살 관련 행동으로 부각되어 나타난다. 국내 청소년건강행태온 라인조사에 의하면 청소년의 우울증 경험률(최근 12개월 동 안 2주 내내 일상생활을 중단할 정도로 슬프거나 절망감을 느 낀 경험)은 2015년 기준 남학생 23.6%, 여학생 27.8%로 나타 났으며, 실제 DSM-IV의 진단기준에 의거하여 우울증 유병률 을 조사한 Ryoo 등(2000)의 연구에서는 청소년 1,158명 중 214명(18.5%)이 우울증을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다[1]. 자살 관련 행동은 자살사고, 자살계획, 자살시도, 자살완결로 이어지는 연속적 개념으로 이해할 수 있다[2]. 한국 통계청 자료 에서는 지난 10년간(2004~2014년) 청소년 사망원인(15~24세 기준) 1순위는 자살로 인구 10만 명 기준으로 7.4명으로 나타났 연 구 방 법 1. 연구설계