NGF and PGs have important roles in the development of OAB symptoms in female patients. Urinary levels of these factors may be used as markers to evaluate OAB symptoms.

Aim : Nerve growth factor (NGF) and prostaglandins (PG) in the urinary bladder can be affected by pathology of bladder, and this change can be noted in the urine. This study was performed to investigate the changes in urinary NGF and PG in male patient with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.Methods : The study group included 75 male patients with OAB symptoms and 20 males without bladder symptoms as controls. Evaluation included history-taking, urinalysis, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and urodynamic study. The NGF, PGE 2 , PGF 2 α and PGI 2 levels in voided urine were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and these results were compared in control and OAB patients. Also, the urinary levels of NGF and PG were correlated with IPSS score and urodynamic parameters in OAB patients.Results : The urinary levels of NGF and PGE 2 were significantly increased in patients with OAB compared with control ( P < 0.05). The urodynamic study in OAB patients showed that more than half of the patients had detrusor overactivity and bladder outlet obstruction. The incidence of detrusor underactivity was noted in seven patients in the OAB group. The urinary level of PGE 2 was decreased in patients with detrusor underactivity compared with patients without detrusor underactivity ( P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with maximum bladder capacity in OAB patients ( P < 0.05).Conclusions : NGF and PG may have important role in male patients with OAB, and the urinary level of PGE 2 can change according to detrusor function. Therefore, these results may be used as urinary markers to evaluate the OAB symptoms.

stained immunohistochemically for iNOS and NGF. RESULTSIn the OAB rats, the contraction interval and intercontraction interval were significantly shorter than in control rats, and the contraction time and pressure were significantly greater. In the COX-2 inhibitortreated rats, the contraction interval and intercontraction interval were significantly longer than in the OAB rats, and the contraction time was significantly shorter. On immunohistochemical staining, there was no iNOS activity and NGF activity was minimally localized in the mucosa and submucosa in the control group. In the OAB rats, NGF activity in the mucosa and submucosa were increased, and there was greater expression of iNOS in all layers and of NGF in detrusor; in the COX-2 inhibitor-treated rats, their expression was less in all layers. CONCLUSIONSIntravesical instillation with COX-2 inhibitors can reduce CYP-induced bladder hyperactivity and expression of iNOS and NGF. Intravesical instillation with COX-2 inhibitors can be considered as a possible treatment for OAB. KEYWORDSoveractive bladder, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nerve growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, prostaglandin OBJECTIVETo examine the effects of intravesical cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced overactive bladder (OAB). MATERIALS AND METHODSIn all, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, OAB, and COX-2 inhibitortreated groups. OAB was induced by an intraperitoneal injection with CYP. Cystometry was performed in all rats and, in half of the OAB rats, a COX-2 inhibitor was administered intravesically. The bladders of all rats were

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