No abstract

The microbiome is vital for immune system development and homeostasis. Changes in microbial composition and function, termed dysbiosis, in the skin and the gut have recently been linked to alterations in immune responses and to the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the gut and skin microbiome, highlighting the roles of major commensals in modulating skin and systemic immunity in AD. Although our understanding of the gut-skin axis is only beginning, emerging evidence indicates that the gut and skin microbiome could be manipulated to treat AD.

No abstract

No abstract

This study suggests that humidifier disinfectant inhalation causes an idiopathic type of chILD that is characterized by spontaneous air leak, rapid progression, lack of response to treatment, and high mortality. Further safety studies must be performed on common environmental compounds, particularly those that enter the human body by an unusual route.

No abstract

Aerobic gram-negative methylotrophs oxidize methanol to formaldehyde by using a methanol dehydrogenase that has pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as a prosthetic group. Seventy-two mutants which are unable to grow on methanol unless the growth medium is supplemented with PQQ have been isolated in the facultative methanol utilizer Methylobacterium extorquens AM1. In addition, 12 previously isolated methanol oxidation mutants of M. extorquens AM1 were shown to be able to grow on methanol in the presence of PQQ. These putative PQQ biosynthesis mutants have been complemented by using previously isolated clones containing M. extorquens AM1 DNA, which were known to contain genes necessary for oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde (mox genes (27). MDH is a tetrameric enzyme located in the periplasm that contains pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) as the prosthetic group and also contains Ca2+ (37,40). PQQ was first identified as the prosthetic group of MDH and is now also known to be the prosthetic group of a few other bacterial dehydrogenases that oxidize alcohols or sugars (9). The biosynthetic pathway of PQQ has not yet been determined, but the biosynthetic precursors are known to be tyrosine and glutamate (19).

These findings imply that treatment strategies for individuals at UHR for psychosis should be comprehensive, promoting resilience as well as targeting the reduction of positive and negative symptoms to foster social reintegration and recovery.