The high cost of tuition and textbooks can have a negative impact on potential students from lower Specifically, this study uses the COUP framework to examine: (1) cost reduction, (2) outcomes, (3) uses, and (4) the faculty perceptions of the quality of OpenStax textbooks. Additionally, we expanded the framework to address (5) the relationship between the perceived quality of the OpenStax textbook and the faculty perception of student performance, (6) the faculty's intention to continue to adopt OpenStax textbooks, and (7) the perceived importance of accessibility to faculty who use OpenStax textbooks. Overall, the findings suggest that a significant amount of financial savings and a number of pedagogical shifts can be supported by the use of OpenStax textbooks.
Motivational regulation strategies have been used as active forms of promoting motivation in online and classroom learning. Based on the motivational regulation model combining both contextual and individual factors, this study examined how students’ academic levels (undergraduate vs. graduate) and the type of course delivery mode (online vs. traditional face-to-face) influence their uses of eight motivational regulation strategies and three types of engagement. A total of 190 students consisting of 95 undergraduate students and 95 graduate students participated in this study. The results of two-way multivariate analysis of variance show that students use different sets of motivational regulation strategies depending upon their academic levels and course delivery modes. Also, graduate students showed significantly higher engagement in all three types than undergraduate students did. The findings provide practical implications for designing a customised motivational support system with specific sets of motivational regulation strategies for students in different academic levels and course delivery modes.
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