Abstract. Conidiobolomycosis is reported in the state of Piauí, in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Affected sheep had depression, weight loss, serous or mucohemorrhagic nasal discharge, and cranium-facial asymmetry from exophthalmos of 1 eye, generally with increased volume of the eyeball, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. At necropsy of 60 sheep, friable masses were observed in the posterior region of the nasal cavity, often destroying the ethmoturbinate bones. Frequently, the lesions invaded the nasal sinuses, cribiform plate, orbit, and brain. The masses were irregular, granular with moist surfaces, and soft and friable with white, yellow, or tan coloration. Dissemination of the lesion to lungs was observed in 27 sheep, to the brain in 26, to lymph nodes in 3, to the kidney in 2, and to the gallbladder and heart in 1. The microscopic examination showed granulomatous inflammation composed of central necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes, epithelioid and giant cells, and fibrous tissue. In all lesions, negatively stained structures representing hyphae were surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli material. Coagulative necrosis, thrombosis, and vasculitis were also observed. Grocott methenamine silver stain showed 8-30-mm-thick hyphae, rarely septate or ramified, irregular in shape, and with black contoured wall, sometimes with bulbous dilatation in the extremities. On electron microscopy, the hyphae had a thick double wall surrounded by cellular remnants and an inflammatory exudate. Conidiobolus coronatus was isolated from the lesions of 6 sheep. Conidiobolomycosis is an important disease of sheep in the state of Piauí, and other regions of northeastern Brazil.
RESUMO-O Piauí possui uma área considerável de manga, sendo um grande produtor dessa fruta no Brasil. Contudo, a presença de pragas, como as moscas-das-frutas, tem provocado grandes impactos na cadeia produtiva, pois estes insetos fazem parte de um grupo responsável por grandes prejuízos econômicos na cultura da mangueira. O conhecimento da flutuação populacional e a época de maior ocorrência de uma determinada espécie de inseto de importância econômica são requisitos indispensáveis para o estabelecimento de um controle eficiente e racional. O presente trabalho visou registrar a flutuação populacional das espécies de moscas-das-frutas associadas a variedades de manga, bem como correlacionar a ocorrência das moscas com as médias mensais de temperatura, precipitação e umidade relativa, e também avaliar os atrativos alimentares utilizados na captura dos insetos. A pesquisa foi conduzida de junho de 2004 a maio de 2005, em pomar comercial de manga (Mangifera indica L.-Anacardiaceae), das variedades Tommy Atkins, Keitt, Kent e Palmer, localizado no município de José de Freitas-Piauí-Brasil, na latitude 04º50'S e longitude 42º41'W. Anastrepha obliqua e Anastrepha serpentina são as espécies de tephritídeos predominantes na cultura da manga. Termos para indexação: Anastrepha, Dinâmica populacional, Ecologia, Insetos, Atrativo alimentar. POPULATION DYNAMICS OF FRUIT FLIES (Diptera: Tephritidae) ASSOCIATED TO MANGO VARIETIES IN THE CITY OF JOSE DE FREITAS -PIAUÍ -BRAZILABSTRACT-Piaui has a considerable mango area, being a great producer of this fruit. However, the presence of plagues like the fruit flies has provoked great impacts in the production chain, so these insects are part of a responsible group of great economic damages in mango tree culture. The knowledge of the population dynamics and the highest occurrence period of specific insect species of economic importance are indispensable requirement to establish an efficient and rational control. The purpose of the present work was to register the population dynamics of the fruit fly species associated to the mango varieties, as well as correlating the fly occurrence with the monthly averages of temperature, precipitation and relative humidity, and evaluate the food baits used to capture the insects. The research was done from June, 2004 to May, 2005, in mango commercial orchards (Mangifera indica L.-Anacardiaceae), with Tommy Atkins, Keitt, Kent and Palmer varieties, located in José de Freitas-Piauí-Brazil, latitude 04º50'S and longitude 42º41'W. Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha serpentina are the predominant fruit fly species in the mango crop.
RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do lodo de curtume sobre a fertilidade do solo, a nodulação e rendimento de matéria seca do caupi. O estudo foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando-se lodo de curtume adicionado ao solo, sendo em seguida plantadas sementes de caupi inoculadas com Bradyrhizobium sp. Os dados foram coletados aos 35 e 49 dias após a emergência das plantas. O lodo de curtume elevou o pH e os teores de matéria orgânica, cálcio e sódio do solo. Além disso, houve aumento na salinidade do solo com a aplicação do resíduo. Por outro lado, houve um incremento no rendimento de matéria seca do caupi com a adição do lodo de curtume, embora, em altas doses, o resíduo tenha diminuído a nodulação do caupi pela estirpe de Bradyrhizobium sp inoculada.Termos para indexação: Bradyrhizobium, indicador biológico, Vigna unguiculata. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of tannery sludge addition on soil fertility, nodulation and dry matter yield by cowpea. The study was conducted in greenhouse using tannery sludge applied to soil, and cowpea seeds inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. Data were collected at 35 and 49 days after plant emergence. Tannery sludge increased soil pH and organic matter, calcium and sodium content. There was an increase in soil salinity with application of the residue. There was also an increase in the dry matter yield of cowpea with tannery sludge addition, however, in higher rates, the residue decreased the Bradyrhizobium sp nodulation.
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