Internet companies track users' online activity to make inferences about their interests, which are then used to target ads and personalize their web experience. Prior work has shown that existing privacy-protective tools give users only a limited understanding and incomplete picture of online tracking. We present Tracking Transparency, a privacy-preserving browser extension that visualizes examples of long-term, longitudinal information that third-party trackers could have inferred from users' browsing. The extension uses a client-side topic modeling algorithm to categorize pages that users visit and combines this with data about the web trackers encountered over time to create these visualizations. We conduct a longitudinal field study in which 425 participants use one of six variants of our extension for a week. We find that, after using the extension, participants have more accurate perceptions of the extent of tracking and also intend to take privacy-protecting actions. CCS CONCEPTS• Security and privacy → Usability in security and privacy.

Much of what a user sees browsing the internet, from ads to search results, is targeted or personalized by algorithms that have made inferences about that user. Prior work has documented that users find such targeting simultaneously useful and creepy. We begin unpacking these conflicted feelings through two online studies. In the first study, 306 participants saw one of ten explanations for why they received an ad, reflecting prevalent methods of targeting based on demographics, interests, and other factors. The type of interest-based targeting described in the explanation affected participants' comfort with the targeting and perceptions of its usefulness. We conducted a follow-up study in which 237 participants saw ten interests companies might infer. Both the sensitivity of the interest category and participants' actual interest in that topic significantly impacted their attitudes toward inferencing. Our results inform the design of transparency tools.

Figure 1. Creating a virtual assistant skill that returns the cost of ingredients in a list using diya (DIY Assistant). (a) A user sees a cookie recipe on a popular food blog and wants to see how much the ingredients are. (b) They enter diya's recording mode using their voice and search for one of the ingredients on Walmart's website. (c) They click on the first search result and highlight the price, telling diya via voice that it should be returned. (d) A few days later, they are interested in the łSpaghetti Carbonara" recipe on another food blog. They highlight the ingredients and ask diya to run the previously defined program with them. (e) diya returns the prices of the items.