Background The Korean Society of Hypertension has published the Korea Hypertension Fact Sheet 2021 to provide an overview of the magnitude and management status of hypertension and their recent trends. Methods The Fact Sheets were based on the analyses of Korean adults aged 20 years or older of the 1998–2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2002–2019 National Health Insurance Big Data. Results Currently, the population average of systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 119/76 mmHg in Korean adults aged 20 years or older showing little change in the recent decade. It is estimated that 28% of the adult population aged 20 or older (33% of adults aged 30 or older) have hypertension. The estimated number of people with hypertension was 6.30 million for men and 5.77 million for women, and 1.96 million for men and 2.99 million for women among the population aged 65 or older. The number of people diagnosed with hypertension increased from 3.0 million in 2002 to 10.1 million in 2019. During the same period, the number of people using antihypertensive medication increased from 2.5 million to 9.5 million, and the number of people adherent to treatment increased from 0.6 million to 6.9 million. Among antihypertensive prescriptions, 40.6% of the patients received monotherapy, 43.4% received dual therapy, and 16.0% received triple or more therapy. The most commonly prescribed antihypertensive medication was angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), followed by calcium channel blockers (CCB) and diuretics. In young women, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), ARB and CCB are less frequently prescribed than in men, but 59.5% of hypertensive women aged 20–39 are prescribed ACEi or ARBs. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy have been increasing over the past 10 years. In 2019, 5.4% of women who gave birth were diagnosed with chronic hypertension and 3.1% with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Conclusions To achieve further improvement in management of hypertension, we need to encourage awareness and treatment in young adults. It is required to develop tailored prevention and management strategies that are appropriate for and inclusive of various demographics.
Chemical investigation of a marine-derived actinomycete isolated from marine sediments collected off the coast of southern California and identified as a Nocardiopsis sp. (strain CNQ115) led to the isolation of two new 4-aminoimidazole alkaloids, nocarimidazoles A (1) and B (2). The chemical structures of nocarimidazoles A and B were assigned by interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data and through methylation to yield monomethyl and dimethyl derivatives. Nocarimidazoles A and B possess a 4-aminoimidazole ring combined with a conjugated carbonyl side chain, which is rarely found in microbial secondary metabolites.
In comparison with the None group, the spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages of the Antiplatelet/Anticoagulant group were a little more extensive and they had more intraventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, herniation, and expansion of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage that would come to poor prognosis. Therefore, antiplatelets and anticoagulants should be used under strict indications.
[Purpose] This research aimed to examine the effects of back massage and foot bath with blended essential oil on psychophysiological response in stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 14 adult stroke patients randomly divided into the experimental group (7 patients) and the control group (7 patients). Physical and psychological stress, mood state and sleep satisfaction was measured using evaluation instruments and body temperature was measured with infrared thermography (T-1000). [Results] Measurements included physical and psychological stress, and mood state of the experiment group became significantly lower than that of the control group. The body temperature and sleeping satisfaction of the experimental group became significantly higher than that of the control group. [Conclusion] The present study suggested that aroma therapy and foot bath that can be used as alternative physical therapy that offers an overall beneficial effect on psychophysiological response such as reduced stress, mood state and increased body temperature, sleeping satisfaction of stroke patients.
Cerebral vasospasm is the most important cause of morbidity after an aneurysm clipping in the early postoperative period. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate whether the incidence of vasospasms differs when using propofol or desflurane for an emergent aneurysm clipping.The data from 102 patients (50 in the propofol group, 52 in the desflurane group) were analyzed. The occurrence of vasospasm based on daily transcranial Doppler, angiography, and cerebral infarction during 14 days after surgery were compared by anesthetic agents. Postoperative data including Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on day 14 after surgery, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at 3 months were documented.Patients that intraoperatively received propofol for anesthesia maintenance, had higher incidence of transcranial Doppler (TCD)-evident vasospasm than those that received desflurane (54% vs 30.8%, P = .027). The occurrence of TCD-evident vasospasm was still higher (odds ratio: 2.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.12–7.20) in the propofol group than in the desflurane group after adjusting for confounding factors. However, the incidence of angiographic vasospasm, cerebral infarction, and interventions to treat cerebral vasospasms were similar between both groups. GCS score on day 14 after surgery and the GOS score at 3 months were similar between groups.No effect of anesthetic agents on angiographic vasospasm, cerebral infarction, or clinical outcome was observed, whereas desflurane anesthesia was associated with a lower incidence of TCD-evident vasospasms compared to propofol anesthesia. Our study provides a basis for further randomized controlled studies in a larger patient population to clarify the effects of anesthetic agents on the occurrence of cerebral vasospasms.
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