Drozdowski, Eugeniusz & Fedorowicz, Stanislaw 1987 06 01: Stratigraphy of Vistulian glaciogenic deposits and corresponding thermoluminescence dates in the lower Vistula region, northern Poland. Boreas, Vol. 16, pp. 139–153. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.
Recent stratigraphical and sedimentological studies of Vistulian deposits in the lower Vistula region combined with the results of thermoluminescence dating substantiate the tripartite scheme of chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Vistulian glaciogenic sequence presented earlier by Drozdowski. All the thermoluminescence dates provided by till and intertill waterlain sediments refer to two major stadials which, in the light of sedimentological analyses, seem to represent two independent glacial cycles: an older, dated approximately to the period 59,000–51,000 years B.P., and a younger, dated to the period 17,000–15,000 years B.P. The dividing interval, named the Grudziadz Interstadial, was rather cool in nature. The evidence for this interstadial, apart from the significant break in glaciogenic sediment deposition, comprises some infills of subglacial stream trenches cut during the earlier deglaciation, loess‐like silts, fossil sand wedges, and transgressive marine deposits, the latter occurring in restricted areas in the northern part of the region.
The geomorphology of the river terraces in the lower Vistula River valley of North PÖland is briefly described. They were earlier regarded as Late Wiirmian (terraces IX‐IV) and Holocene (terraces III–I). Litho‐ and biostratigraphical studies of terrace depressions together with radiocarbon datings of their bottom layers indicate that even terrace II was formed during the Allerød Chronozone (11,800 to 11,000 B.P.) or earlier. In addition, radiocarbon datings have shown that the surface sediments of the flood plain were deposited in middle Holocene. These datings are of importance to the chronology of other large river valleys in the southern Baltic region. The interrelationship between erosion/accumulation in the Vistula valley and the shore level of the Baltic is also discussed.
The marginal zones of three Vestspitsbergen glaciers have been studied. Two main types of ablation till and related forms are distinguished: (1) ridges, cones, and troughs aligned parallel to the glacier margin (controlled or structural forms), formed of locally derived material and resulting from compression flow, and (2) an irregular debi‐is cover (non‐controlled or non‐structural), formed through extensive or balanced flow from material transported englacially over a longer distance.
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