No abstract

This study demonstrates the overall favorable visual prognosis of uveitic macular edema under medical treatment. The presence of an epiretinal membrane is an important factor associated with medical treatment failure.

Subretinal fluid in a preoperatively uninvolved macula can be found after successful treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. If the fluid is located in the fovea, the visual acuity decreases and does not reach the preoperative levels. OCT identifies the presence of fluid and contributes to the study of the fluid's evolution.

Background: The vertebral artery originates from the subclavian artery and is divided into four segments. The aim of this study is to investigate the anatomical variations in the course and branches of the vertebral artery. Materials and methods: A research was performed via Pubmed database, using the terms; "variations of vertebral artery AND cadaveric study", "variations of vertebral artery AND cadavers" and "anomalies of vertebral artery AND cadavers". Results: A total of 24 articles met the inclusion criteria, 13 of them referring to variations of the origin of the vertebral artery, 9 to variations of the course and 3 to variations of its branches. On a total sample of 1192 cadavers of different population, origin of the left vertebral artery directly from the aortic arch was observed at 6.7%. In addition, among 311 cadavers, 17.4% were found with partially or fully ossified foramen of the atlas for the passage of the vertebral artery, while the bibliographic review also showed variants at the exit site of the artery from the transverse foramen of the axis. Conclusions: Despite the fact that variations of both the course and the branches of vertebral artery are in most cases asymptomatic, good knowledge of anatomy and its variants is of particular importance for the prevention of vascular complications during surgical and radiological procedures in the cervix area.

No abstract