This diary study examined within-person effects of positive work and off-work experiences on daily engagement levels. Assessing the gain cycle assumption of conservation of resources theory, we investigated the relationship of night-time recovery and subsequent resources including elevated sleep quality and morning positive affect; the relationship of morning positive affect with positive collegial interactions and subsequent engagement; and the relationship of engagement with night-time recovery. Sixty-nine employees from various occupations completed surveys three times per day, over five consecutive working days. Multilevel analyses revealed that sleep quality positively predicted morning positive affect, which in turn predicted engagement directly and also indirectly through having positive interactions with colleagues. Engagement positively predicted night-time recovery, while night-time recovery was not related to sleep quality or morning positive affect the next day. The results suggest that on days when individuals have a good night’s sleep, they feel more positive, bring this positivity to their workplace, reach out to their workplace colleagues, and are in turn more likely to be engaged in their work. Additionally, on days when individuals experience higher levels of positive collegial interactions at work and in turn higher engagement, they are likely to experience better recovery
The present study seeks to build on burnout research by examining daily fluctuations of role stress and work incivility, and their impact on employees’ energy loss. Optimism and recovery (i.e., psychological detachment and relaxation), two mechanisms that allow workers’ self-care and self-defence from these toxic conditions when faced by these job stressors, were included. In a daily study, 117 service sector workers completed surveys three times a day, over a period of one working week. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed work incivility as predictor of daily emotional exhaustion. Optimism and recovery play different roles in protecting workers from daily energy loss. Daily optimism increased employees’energy and decreased emotional exhaustion and negative affect at night. It also moderated the relationship between work incivility and positive affect at night. The results on psychological detachment supported the stressor-detachment model (Sonnentag, 2010), in which psychological detachment from work during nonworking time is not only a direct predictor of increased energy, but could similarly buffer the negative impact of role stress and work incivility. Relaxation basically showed main effects in predicting emotional exhaustion (inversely) and positive affect (directly). Our findings suggest two main implications: (1) the necessity for implemention of workplace policies to prevent role stress and work incivility in reducing daily loss of energy. (2) Training workers in self-care programmes focusing on optimism and recovery can provide early steps toward organizational change and employee daily well-being.
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