The possible role of fungi as allergic contaminants in book collections has been investigated in eleven University of Michigan Libraries. Air in the stacks of each of the eleven libraries was sampled on three occasions (2 or 4--10 minute samples on each occasion) with Andersen Volumetric viable particle samplers. Books were handled during sampling in half the samples each day. In addition on each sampling day a location in the same building away from book storage and an outdoor location were sampled. Library spore levels were generally low. Outdoor levels consistently exceeded indoor levels. Air conditioned (AC) libraries had lower spore levels and indoor/outdoor ratios than conventionally ventilated (CV) libraries. Handling books during sampling increased spore counts in all libraries, but strikingly in CV libraries. Fungus taxa recovered were similar to those encountered in domestic interiors and outside locations in our area. The overall low spore levels and lack of a distinctive library mycoflora suggest that other sources should be sought for library-based respiratory symptoms.
Spaniomolgus is a symbiotic genus of copepods of the poecilostomatoid family Rhynchomolgidae and is known to be associated with shallow-water reef-building hermatypic corals. Three species of this genus were previously found only in washings of Acropora and Stylophora in northern Madagascar. Four coral morphotypes of Stylophorapistillata (Pocilloporidae) were collected by SCUBA at 1 to 28 m depth in five sites in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea in 2013. Copepods found on these colonies were studied using light, confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Five new, and one known, species of the genus Spaniomolgus were discovered in washings and inside the galls of the hermatypic coral S.pistillata. The description of these new species (Spaniomolgusglobussp. n., S.stylophorussp. n., S.dentatussp. n., S.maculatussp. n., and S.acutussp. n.) and a key for the identification of all of its congeners is provided herein.
The present paper reviews the type material of four poorly described species of Asterocheres Boeck, 1859 deposited in the Zoologisk Museum of the University of Copenhagen. For A. abyssi (Hansen, 1923) and A. intermedius (Hansen, 1923), each taxon was represented by only the poorly preserved, dissected holotype. Consequently, neither species could be redescribed in detail. As the original description of A. abyssi is not sufficient to differentiate it from its congeners, we propose to regard this species as undetermined. Although only the antennule and antenna of A. intermedius were amended, this species is still considered valid based on a combination of characters that include a 21-segmented antennule, oral siphon extending beyond leg 1 insertion, and genital double-somite being longer than wide. The other two species, A. suberitis Giesbrecht, 1897 and A. tenerus (Hansen, 1923), were redescribed which revealed inaccuracies in the original descriptions. Asterocheres suberitis is characterized by having a 21-segmented antennule, oral siphon extending to the maxilliped insertion, 2-segmented mandibular palp, and genital double-somite being wider than long. Asterocheres tenerus is distinguished by a combination of characters that include a 21-segmented antennule, oral siphon extending to the intercoxal plate of leg 2, 2-segmented mandibular palp, relatively slimmer and longer claws on the antenna, maxilla and maxilliped, and genital double-somite being about as long as wide.
A total of seven poorly known species of the genus Asterocheres, the largest genus of the family Asterocheridae, are redescribed based on material deposited in the Natural History Museum of London. Among the material available, there were specimens of both sexes of A. bulbosus, A. ellisi and A. rotundus; the dissected holotypes for A. hongkongensis, A. indicus and A. ovalis which have no other specimens; and only cotype of A. micheli, turned out to be lost. Some taxonomically important appendages of these species are described and illustrated for the first time. Furthermore, discrepancies have been observed in: (1) the general shape of the body; (2) the antennule segmentation; (3) the omission of some elements in various oral appendages; and (4) the segmentation of the mandibular palp. These redescribed species were then compared with their closest congeners.
The present paper reviews the material of three species of Asterocheres Boeck 1859 deposited in four different Zoological European museums as part of the ongoing taxonomical revision of this genus. Asterocheres sarsi Bandera & Conradi 2009, the species described by Sars in 1915 as Ascomyzon latum (Brady 1880) and lately recognized as a distinct species by Bandera and Conradi in 2009 is fully described in this paper from material collected by Sars in Norway in 1915 and deposited in The Natural History Museum of the University of Oslo. Asterocheres complexus Stock, 1960 which has been sometimes confused with A. sarsi is redescribed from material collected by Stock in France in 1959 and deposited in the Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam. Furthermore, a new species, previously misidentified as A. suberitis Gieisbrecht 1897, from the Norman`s collection of The Natural History Museum of London, is described as A. eugenioi, new species. These three species, A. complexus, A. eugenioi, and A. sarsi share the general appearance of body thanks to the pointed posterolateral angle of the epimeral area of somite bearing leg 3, sometimes slightly produced into backwardly directed processes, and somite bearing leg 4 largely concealed under somite bearing leg 3.
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