The article describes standards for industrial greenhouses irradiators (GOST R57671–2017), methods for measuring PAR region irradiance in overhead and rack-type installations (preliminary standard 211–2017), methods for measuring illuminance (FR.1.37.2017.27376) and photosynthetic irradiance (FR.1.37.2017.27375), photosynthetic photon flux (FR.1.37.2017.27374) and other lighting characteristics, energy efficiency factor calculations for LED installations in greenhouses (FR.1.37.2017.27373), which have been developed at VNISI and are unique in world practice.
The article contains the results of analysis of answers of 90 museums of the Russian Federation to questions regarding lighting of these museums as well as the results of inspection and measurement of lighting parameters (average exhibit illuminance, correlated colour temperature, colour rendering index, and luminance distribution) conducted in 7 museums and 1 conservation centre. It is found that museum lighting in the Russian Federation generally complies with the applicable requirements and recommendations and requires fundamental changes only in few cases. Many museums already use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as light sources and are ready to cross over to LED lighting completely. In the meantime, museums (primarily small ones) consider lack of regulations in the sphere of museum lighting one of the major problems.
The national and international requirements for the lighting of museum pieces are presented based on the results of researches carried out in the second half of the 20th century and which should be actualized in connection with the introduction of LED lighting into the museums. In addition, the spectrum diversity of the LED sources needs to address the issue of changing the approach to the assessment of museum lighting, in particular, the transition to the new colour rendering indices (Fidelity Index and Gamut Index) according to the CIE, and the use of energy and/or photonic values in addition to light values.
The article is a dedicated review of recommendations, methods, and tools for establishing and communicating the standard measurements of photometric, energy, and photon value units. The article considers how photometric values units are reproduced and traced through to the basic units of the International System of Units (SI), as well as how methods and tools of transposing standard measures from primary standards to measuring devices in test centres and laboratories. Modern day measurement requirements for test methods and facilities for illumination devices used in different illumination systems are also considered.
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