As intoxicações medicamentosas constituem um grande problema de saúde pública no Brasil. Tendo em vista esse fator, o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento sobre a ocorrência dos casos de intoxicação medicamentosa no Brasil no período de 2013 a 2016. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental que se enquadra na modalidade de levantamento. Com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa foram obtidos a partir do site do Sistema Nacional de Informações Tóxico-Farmacológicas (SINITOX). Foram utilizados como parâmetros a serem analisados a seguintes variáveis: região, faixa etária, sexo, região, circunstância e evolução clínica registrada. Os dados foram organizados em gráficos e em tabelas, utilizando como recurso o programa Microsoft Excel 2010. Os resultados evidenciam que durante os anos de 2013 a 2016 a região Sudeste do Brasil foi onde ocorreu o maior número de intoxicações medicamentosas. As crianças com faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos foram as mais acometidas. O sexo feminino foi o mais atingido pelos casos de intoxicação medicamentosa registrados. Em relação às circunstâncias que acarretam o desenvolvimento das intoxicações, o suicídio aparece em primeiro lugar. E mesmo com os riscos apresentados pelas intoxicações medicamentosas as evoluções clínicas mais registradas corresponderam à cura. Cabe considerar que as intoxicações medicamentosas são um problema de amplas dimensões e que qualquer pessoa que faça uso de medicamentos está predisposta a essa eventualidade, dessa forma trona-se necessária a adoção de medidas adequadas, visando a sua prevenção que venham a modificar positivamente a realidade, reduzindo o número dos casos evidenciados pela pesquisa, no Brasil.

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Os excipientes farmacêuticos podem ser os responsáveis por inúmeras Reações Adversas a Medicamentos (RAM).

Our aim was to evaluate genetic polymorphism of molecules involved in immunoregulatory/allergic processes in patients who presented with cutaneous hypersensitivity caused by chemically unrelated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Polymorphisms at IL10 (-1082 G>A), IL4 (-589 C>T), CTLA4 (+49A>G), and DAO (+8956 C>G) genes were studied in 55 cases and 97 controls by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. With regard to the polymorphism at IL10 -1082, higher frequencies of the AG genotype (57% vs 39%) and G allele carriers (70% vs 48%) were found among the patients, indicating a risk effect (odds ratio [OR] = 2.56 and P = .01 for AG genotype and OR = 2.52; P = .01 for AG/GG). For the CTLA4 +49 A/G single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), AG genotype (31.0%) (P = .02) and G carrier (54.0%) (P = .05) frequencies were found to be significantly lower in the patient group compared with the control group (51.0% and 69.0%, respectively). The SNP DAO +8956 C>G was associated with a strong protective effect, with OR values of 0.83 for CG and 0.11 for GG genotype (P = .04 for the codominant model), suggesting an allele dose effect. The combination of IL10 and DAO SNPs in a multivariate model did not alter the OR values, suggesting independent effects for both SNPs. The results are striking. In conclusion, these results suggest that polymorphisms in regulatory targets of the immune response and in DAO gene could modulate an individual's susceptibility to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity reactions. Further studies will be necessary to complement our results.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate true β-lactam allergy at a public pediatric hospital. Material and Methods: Children and adolescents with allergy symptoms were referred to the Allergy and Immunology Service, Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, Brazil. During the allergist interviews, β-lactam drug allergy was suspected in 24 patients. Results: Urticaria, angioedema, erythematous macules and papules were the clinical manifestations most frequently reported in 23 patients with immediate reaction. The drugs implicated were amoxicillin (58.3%), penicillin (20.8%), ceftriaxone (12.5%) and ampicillin (8.4%). The majority of the patients showed negative results for ampicillin, penicillin and ceftriaxone in skin testing and also negative results in Oral Provocation Testing (OPT) to amoxicillin. One patient with clinical history of ceftriaxone allergy showed positive prick test to the drug and negative OPT to amoxicillin. Conclusion: b-lactam drugs are a very useful choice for treatment of bacterial infections in children. In this way, it is reasonable that hypothesis of allergy to those drugs be investigated. For this reason, during consultation, it is necessary that the allergist questions about drug allergy, apart from the original complaint (if it is not directly related to drug allergy). Upon suggestive history, the hypothesis of drug allergy should be ruled out by doing a careful laboratorial and clinical investigation. In order to rationalize the operating and economical costs related to skin testing and OPT, we suggest grouping a number of patients for whom the tests will be performed during a half-day period two to three times a year.