Em março de 2007, no campo experimental do IAPAR em Londrina, PR, constatou-se a ocorrência de manchas de coloração marrom escuro nas folhas e hastes em plantas de cártamo. Em laboratório, pequenas secções das lesões foliares foram desinfestadas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio 1% por 1 min, depositadas em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura PGA (Ágar Peptona Glicose) pH 6,0 e incubadas em câmara tipo B.O.D. durante sete dias a 26 °C no escuro. O isolado fúngico foi submetido à cultura monospórica e em seguida aos testes de caracterização e identificação do fungo.Plantas sadias de cártamo em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento foram usadas para o teste de patogenicidade. Foram utilizadas 16 plantas semeadas em vasos plásticos de 2L contendo 3 partes de terra e 1 parte de areia mantidas em casa de vegetação. As plantas foram inoculadas por pulverização com suspensão de esporos do fungo na concentração 10 6 conídios mL -1 , mantidas em câmara úmida por 48 O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) é uma espécie da família Asteraceae cultivada no mundo todo devido a sua importância medicinal e industrial. As folhas, pétalas e sementes de cártamo possuem propriedades medicinais e terapêuticas. Suas sementes, que possuem cerca de 30% de óleo, o tornam uma planta de grande potencial na produção de biodiesel (2). O gênero Colletotrichum é um dos mais importantes entre os fungos fitopatogênicos, especialmente nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo. Esse gênero apresenta espécies que causam doenças economicamente importantes em cereais, leguminosas, hortaliças, culturas perenes, frutíferas, incluindo muitas espécies ornamentais (7). A antracnose do cártamo, causada por Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., já foi descrita apenas no estado de São Paulo por Ribeiro & Cervellini (6). O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar qual o agente causal das manchas observadas em plantas de cártamo coletadas no estado do Paraná.The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) is a crop of medicinal and industrial importance and is now considered a plant of great potential to biodiesel produ ction. The objective of this stu dy was to verify the ca u sal a gent of the spots observed in safflower pla nts in the IAPAR experimenta l field in Londrina -PR. Isola tions were ma de fr om le a f le sio ns of sy mpt om a ti c p la nts a n d pa t hog en ici ty te st o f t h e i so l a t es i n he a l t hy p l a nt s o f sa fflo we r. T h e in o c u l a t e d Carneiro, S.M.T.P.G.; Silva, M.R.L.; Romano, E.B.; Borsato, L.C.; Marianowski, T.; Gomes, J.C. Occurence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. in Carthamus tinctorius L., in the Paraná state. Summa Phytopathologica, v.38, n.2, p.163-165, 2012. pla nts showed symptoms of a nthra cnose on leaves, stems a nd the flower bu d , a nd death of seedlings. The observation and a nalysis of reprodu ctive stru ctu res of the fu ngu s in media culture and in host tissue, as well as taxon-specific PCR allowed the identification of the fungus as belonging to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides specie...
Background: homeopathy is a means permitted in organic agriculture to control disease and plagues; biotherapics are a practical means for farmers to intervene on the health of plants in agro-ecological systems of production. Tomato-plants can be affected by several diseases, one of the most significant ones in Brazil is early blight, caused by fungus Alternaria solani, due to the damage it causes and its wide distribution in the country. Aims: to establish whether a biotherapic of A. solani may interfere on the in vitro development of the fungus and whether it affects the severity of early blight on tomato-plants in greenhouse. Methods: the effect of the biotherapic on the fungus was evaluated through the percentage of germinated spores under microscope and the growth of colonies in a culture medium. Treatments used were: biotherapic 26cH, 27cH, 28cH, 29cH and 30cH; sterilized distilled water; and diluted and agitated hydroalcoholic solution. The effect of the biotherapic on the development of disease was evaluated in 4 experiments in greenhouse. Plants were kept in vases and subjected to artificial inoculation of the fungus after the application of treatments. Evaluation of disease was carried out through diagrammatic scale. Results: no treatment affected the germination of spores or the development of fungus colonies in the culture medium. In the first test, treatment 26cH differed from water in Tukey’s test at 5% but did not differed from diluted and agitated hydroalcoholic solution. In the second test, treatments 27cH and 28cH showed significant difference from both water and hydroalcoholic solution with an average control of disease of 57% and 62% respectively. The other 2 tests did nor exhibit any significant effect. Conclusions: there was no direct effect of the biotherapic on the fungus, but there was an effect on the severity of the disease. Factors affecting the efficiency of the biotherapic must be better understood before it can be recommended to farmers for the management of early blight in tomato-plants.
RESUMO A homeopatia baseia-se no princípio da cura pelos semelhantes, e na experimentação no indivíduo sadio, doses mínimas e medicamento único. O uso de tratamentos a base de soluções dinamizadas aplicadas em vegetais aumentou nas ultimas décadas, sendo assim necessária a experimentação patogenésica para aplicação de todos os princípios homeopáticos e consolidação da Matéria Vegetal Homeopática. O ensaio patogenésico com plantas de feijão tratadas diariamente via pulverização e irrigação utilizando óleo essencial de Eucalyptus citriodora em diluições (0,5 e 1%) e dinamizados (12 e 30CH) revelaram sintomas externos semelhantes aos provocados por Pseudocercospora griseola, agente causal da mancha angular em feijoeiro. O estudo patogenésico com E. citriodora levanta a possibilidade deste ser utilizado no controle da mancha angular de acordo com o princípio homeopático da cura pela similitude.Palavras-chave: homeopatia, sintomas patogenésicos, matéria vegetal homeopática, mancha angular. ABSTRACT: Pathogenesis of essential oil and homeopathies of Eucalyptus citriodora in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris).Homeopathy is based on the principle of cure by similarity and on the prescription of minimal doses and single medicine to healthy individuals. In plants, performing treatments on the basis of drug dynamisation has increased in the recent decades. In these treatments, it is necessary to conduct a pathogenetic experimentation in order to apply homeopathic principles and to consolidate homeopathic plant material. Through a pathogenetic test with bean plants treated daily by pulverization and irrigation, using diluted and dynamized essential oil of Eucalyptus citriodora -(dilutions: 0.5 and 1%) (oil dynamisation: 12 and 30CH) -, there appeared external symptoms similar to those symptoms caused by Pseudocercospora griseola, i.e., the causal agent of angular leaf spot of bean. The pathogenetics study with E. citriodora raises the possibility of its application to control angular leaf spot in bean plants in accordance with the homeopathic principle of cure by similarity.Keywords: Homeopathy; pathogenetics ymptoms; homeopathic plant material, angular leaf spot. INTRODUÇÃOA homeopatia, ciência criada pelo médico Alemão Samuel Hahnemann, tem como princípios básicos a experimentação clinica de substâncias em indivíduos sadios, a cura pelos semelhantes, a administração de doses mínimas e medicamento único. A utilização da homeopatia busca uma abordagem integrativa dos seres vivos e a valorização de sua individualidade. Considerada ciência aplicada, seu uso era direcionado exclusivamente ao homem, mas, nas últimas décadas, passouse a ser utilizada em tratamentos de animais e plantas. Trabalhos realizados por Rossi et al (2007) mostraram que vegetais respondem a estímulos homeopáticos, relatando uma redução de até 35% da massa fresca de titirica.Melhoria dos mecanismos de resistência, sementes mais vigorosas, variação na produção de princípios ativos, alteração de padrão energético, maior resistência a doenças e pragas, desintox...
The radish is a short cycle crop, since it is harvested at 25-30 days after direct sowing. Under the economic point of view it is an important species, but there are few studies on germination of radish seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of high diluted substances on the germination of radish seeds. The trial was conducted at the Agricultural Research Institute of Paraná (IAPAR) in Londrina / Paraná. It was used a pesticide free cultivar named Cometa. The treatments were: Bryonia, hydroalcoholic solution, Arnica montana, Cina and Lupine + Oat, all of them diluted and agitated at 9x; distilled water and agitated distilled water were used as controls. The mother tincture of Lupine + Oat was prepared from plants collected at the experimental station of IAPAR in Londrina. The mother tincture and all treatments were prepared according to the guidelines in the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopeia, Part I [1]. The agitations of the treatments were made by a mechanical equipment, model Denise 10-50 manufactured by Autic. The water was distilled the day before preparing the treatments. The experiment was performed with 300 seeds per treatment. The seeds were placed in gerbox with germitest paper, and 50 gerbox were used per treatment, with six seeds in each gerbox. The germitest papers were moistened with the treatments and the seeds were soaked for 2 hours previously set up the experiment. The substances in high dilutions were agitated 100 times on the machine before soaking the seeds and moistening the germitest paper. The experimental design was entirely randomized and the gerbox were kept at the bench at the Laboratory of Plant Protection of IAPAR. A person not involved in conduct of the experiment coded (blinded) the treatments solutions with a random letter code. The code was kept secret until all measurements and data processing were finished. Seeds were observed daily for germination and counted only those considered germinated. Seeds were considered germinated when the radicle was at least two millimeters length. Arnica montana 9x increased 5.9% the seed germination when compared with distilled water.
Background: homeopathy is held in organic agriculture as a means to control disease and plagues. However, different from doctors, who have works on materia medica and repertories available to choose the most suitable homeopathic medicine for each patient, agronomists do not yet have an equivalent Homeopathic Materia Medica of Plants (HMMP) describing symptoms observed in plants. Aim: the aim of this study was to carry out a homeopathic pathogenetic trial (HPT) in plants comparing the effects elicited by boric acid in ponderable dose and dilution 6cH in two different plant species, namely bean and tomato cultivars. Methods: 4 tests were carried out, 2 on tomato and 2 on bean plants, which received 1 to 6 applications of treatments. Results: there were differences between both species regarding their sensitiveness to boric acid. None of the tomato plants that received Boron 6cH showed symptoms, differently from bean plants. On the other hand, in tests of ponderable doses of boric acid, tomato plants exhibited 3 symptoms more than bean plants. A higher number of bean plants exhibited symptoms with boric acid in ponderable dose than in dilution 6cH). Nos ensaios com feijoeiro, um maior número de plantas apresentou sintomas após o tratamento com ácido bórico na dose ponderal do que com ácido bórico 6cH. Conclusions: these results suggest that the elaboration of a HMMP must take into account the species in which symptoms were obtained. Moreover, HPTs in plants must be carried out with both ponderable doses and high dilutions in order for differences in sensitiveness among species be better identified.
O feijão e o tomate são culturas de grande relevância no Brasil, e particularmente no estado do Paraná. A mancha angular do feijão e a septoriose do tomate são doenças importantes nestas culturas. Os cultivos de base agroecológica estão ganhando relevância em diferentes partes do mundo, e vêm sendo estimulados no estado do Paraná. A ciência homeopática tem sido divulgada como uma ferramenta para este tipo de agricultura. Os bioterápicos são produzidos segundo a farmacotécnica homeopática, mas não seguem os mesmos princípios de cura da homeopatia. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o controle da mancha angular do feijão e da septoriose do tomate através de dois bioterápicos, denominados Pse02 (Pseudocercospora griseola 02) e Sep01 (Septoria lycopersici 01), produzidos respectivamente com o patógeno do feijão e com folhas doentes de tomate. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com cada bioterápico em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa de vegetação. As dinamizações 0DH, 12DH, 19DH, 20DH, 21DH, 24DH, 30DH do bioterápico Pse02 e as dinamizações 0CH, 9CH, 12CH, 15CH, 17CH, 19CH do bioterápico Sep01 foram pulverizadas na parte aérea e irrigadas no solo em quatro datas diferentes. Em apenas um experimento de cada bioterápico houve efeito significativo de uma dinamização em relação ao controle. Os bioterápicos Pse02 na dinamização 19DH, e Sep01 na dinamização 15CH promoveram redução significativa no tamanho da lesão de mancha angular bem como na severidade e número de lesões de septoriose do tomate em relação ao controle, respectivamente.
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