This study was conducted to investigate the impact of torrefaction process on surface morphology as well as functional group of EFB before undergoing further processing method so that it can be used as renewable energy. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed surface structure of EFB after undergoing torrefaction by which it is completely decomposed internally by producing pores, while the structure become flattened with almost disappeared sharp edge compared to the raw EFB. The changes of presence functional groups before and after the particular torrefaction process were observed under certain wavelength by using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) which were O-H bonds around 3420 cm-1 , C-H bonds around 2930, 1430 and 850 cm-1 , C=O bonds at 1750 cm-1 and much more.
Lignocellulosic biomass is inexpensive, most abundance and provide the large-scale. Lignocellulosic are compose into three structures which are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) has the highest composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin among the abundance fiber like coir, corn, bagasse and kenaf fiber. Torrefaction was the process pretreatment of biomass materials in inert atmosphere (nitrogen) in temperature range 200 to 300 °C by using microwave heating. Microwave controlled all the parameter which is power level (W), temperature (°C), volume of nitrogen (ml/min) and mass of sample (g) during the torrefaction process. In this study, the analysis of raw and torrefied EFB was done according to TAPPI standard method except hemicellulose which data was collected through equation. Result acquired reveals that the highest percentage in extractive, holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin was be found in raw EFB compared to other torrefaction EFB due to the degradation of content during torrefaction process. The degradation of hemicellulose was the takes place in temperature range 200 to 350 °C or even lower, whereas the degradation of cellulose and lignin occurs when 300 °C and above. This study determined EFB as useful alternative resources in feedstock material steam for power plant application.
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