Skull fractures can be classified into four major types; linear, depressed, diastatic, and basilar. Of these, a depressed skull fracture presents a high risk of increased intracranial pressure or hemorrhage to the brain. A compound depressed skull fracture results when a laceration over the fracture exposes the internal cranial cavity to the outside environment. Such depressed skull fractures are indicated for elevation if the defect is more than 10 mm and in the presence of brain injury. Frontal bone contour defects result in marked facial deformity which becomes obvious to the observer. Esthetic correction of the depressed frontal bone fracture can be done with autogenous bone grafts or alloplastic materials. Autogenous bone grafts are meant to be the gold standard method of reconstruction, but they harbor the risk of donor-site morbidity. There are various materials available for the reconstruction of depressed frontal bone fractures. This is a case report which illustrates the use of easily injectable, self-setting calcium phosphate bone cement in the correction of a depressed frontal bone fracture measuring approximately 3 cm × 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm.
Study Design: A single blind randomized controlled study. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of ultrasonography intraoperatively to assess the reduction of unilateral zygomatic complex fractures with a control group using the conventional blind digit palpation. Methods: The study comprised of a sample size of 24 patients with 21 male and 3 female patients. Patients of all age groups diagnosed with unilateral displaced zygomatic complex fracture with or without mandible fracture were included in the study. The subjects were randomized into study and control groups based on a standard protocol with a total of 24 patients. Imaging was in the form of a preoperative and postoperative 3D computed tomography scan with reconstruction of the maxilla and mandible to interpret the diagnosis for all subjects. The inter-fracture distance of the fractured infraorbital rim were measured in 3 dimensions (antero-posterior, medio-lateral and supero-inferior) and compared pre and postoperatively. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative ultrasonographic examination was performed and recorded on all patients at the frontozygomatic region, infraorbital rim and zygomatic buttress to assess the proximity of the fractured margins pre reduction, post reduction and post fixation of the fracture segments. Result: Statistical analytic results were significant in all 3 dimensions when measured postoperatively using computed tomography. Conclusion: Ultrasonography is an effective screening and intraoperative tool in the armamentarium of oral and maxillofacial surgery to assess zygomatic complex fractures, avoiding incisions in aesthetic areas of the maxillofacial region.
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