Government policies in Indonesia have been pushing in the past decade towards 100% electrification target by end of 2020. However, many of the new energy policies are reused from previous policies designed for different objectives causing overlap in policies between the central and local governments. Local distributed generation are not fully controlled by local stakeholders and community, and with the lack of long-term planning, continuous government incentives and support, they are bound to fail due to the lack of maintenance. The use of solid biomass for household has decreased significantly due to the government support for LPG stoves that overtaken other government projects supporting biomass. Small-scale biomass research is showing good progress towards the implementation of novel methods for biomass utilization. However, majority of the medium and large-scale projects are still relying on old technologies such as direct biomass combustion in boilers rather than the more environment friendly gasification technology. Another major biomass contribution to national energy mix is through liquid biofuels. This work summarizes the current and prospective energy mix in Indonesia and the main conventional and non-conventional energy sources and their environmental concerns. This work also gathers the latest local biomass research and biomass power plant projects.
New energy and renewable energy are solutions that can be applied to meet energy needs, especially those that are environmentally friendly. Currently, people, especially those living around energy sources such as rivers and irrigation, can independently create renewable power systems to produce energy. The application of picohydro power generation technology is the best solution in the application of environmentally friendly, independent, and renewable technologies. The purpose of this study was to determine the best performance of the nozzle output diameter of 3", 4", and 5" on picohydro technology using an Archimedes screw turbine. The research method was carried out by means of a prototype experiment using continuously circulated water fluid. The data collection process starts from the water discharge from the flowmeter, the rotation of the turbine blade, the rotation of the transmission, the rotation of the alternator, the pressure in the pressure gauge, and the power generated. The research results obtained information that at the smallest diameter (3") the nozzle pressure to the screw tip is not optimal because the water released by the nozzle only hits part of the screw leaf side, so that the performance is not optimal where the turbine shaft rotation at a maximum discharge of 30 m3/h is obtained at 230 rpm, while if the diameter of the output nozzle is given (5"), a lot of water is sprayed by the nozzle and it fills the screw leaves, which causes water to also overflow onto the screw in front of it, so that the flow does not normally flow from each screw, and it is also possible that the size of the input screw is not proportional to the output screw turbine, where the maximum rotation at a discharge of 30 m3/h is obtained at 247 rpm. For the size (4") it looks higher when viewed from the data obtained, this condition looks ideal in the size ratio between the input and output nozzles so that the resulting flow is also right to drive the turbine screw. The shaft rotation results obtained are 269 rpm for a water discharge of 30 m3/h.
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