The current work investigated the green and low-cost preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract from Launaea taraxacifolia leaf and studied its antimicrobial effects. The leaf extract was analysed in a gas chromatogrammass spectrometer to assess the phytochemicals present. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to monitor the formation of AgNPs, the morphological assessment was performed by a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to determine the elemental composition, the particle size and shape were studied using transmission electron microscopy, and the vibrational modes of bonds in the AgNPs were assessed by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The AgNPs produced were spherical and in a size range of 9-15.5 nm, monodispersed with a large surface area. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the AgNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis were very low. Against P. aeruginosa, the MIC was 0.10 mg/mL and the MBC was 0.15 mg/mL, while the MIC and MBC against P. mirabilis were 0.05 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the AgNPs prepared using L. taraxacifolia leaf extract showed high antibacterial activities and could be a candidate antimicrobial agent for biomedical applications.
Regeneration technique is extensively being sought after as a means of achieving bone repair without adverse immunological response. Silicate-based bioactive glasses containing Mg are gaining increasing attention for their biocompatibility. The current work has been focused on designing a facile and economic route using bio-wastes for synthesizing bioactive glasses in the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 system. Rice husk ash (RHA) obtained from burning rice husk was used as silica source, while Ca was extracted from eggshells for preparing the glass through a modified sol-gel approach. The gel formed was irradiated in microwave before sintering at 950 • C for 3 h. Thereafter, bioactivity test was conducted on the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) at physiological conditions for a maximum of 14 days. Characterization of samples were performed before and after immersion in SBF to evaluate the composition, morphology and phases present in the glass using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Apatite formation was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results obtained showed the presence of diopside, wollastonite and pseudo-wollastonite as major bioactive phases. Hydroxyapatite formed on the material within 3 days in SBF, indicating good bioactivity.
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