We present a first record for three species of frogs, viz. Amolops indoburmanensis, Euphlictys kalisgraminensis and Polypedates braueri in India based on DNA barcoding data. We also discussed on the records of Amolops spp. in Mizoram and delisted all previous recorded species, viz. A. afghanus, A. kaulbacki and A. marmoratus from the amphibian fauna of Mizoram until further research confirmed their presence, since the data were not sufficient enough for the confirmation of their occurrence and are likely based on misidentification of A. indoburmanensis.
The present study was conducted to isolate and characterize symbiotic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus associated with entomopathogenic nematode isolated from Mizoram, NorthEastern India and screening of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum. Symbiotic bacteria were isolated by macerating infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) and subsequently plated on nutrient agar supplemented with 0.0025% bromothymol blue and 0.004% triphenyltetrazolium chloride (NBTA). 16S rRNA gene was further sequenced for molecular characterization of isolated bacteria. Screening of antifungal activity was conducted by placing 4 mm of fungal 7 mycelium on petri-plate consisting of spread bacterial suspensions adjusted to 3 × 10-1 CFU ml. The morphological and molecular characterization (16S rRNA) revealed that three species of symbiotic bacteria were isolated, Xenorhabdus vietnamensis from Steinernema sangi, Xenorhabdus stockiae from S. surkhetense and Photorhabdus luminescens akhurstii from both Heterorhabditis indica and H. baujardi. The maximum likelihood tree showed that X. vietnamensis was a sister species of X. japonica; X. stockiae formed a sister group with X. doucetiae, X. nematophila, X. magdalenensis, X. cabanillasii and X beddingii whereas Phototorhabdus luminescens akhurstii formed a sister group with P. luminescens hainanensis and P. luminescens thracensis. The screening of antifungal activity revealed that all the isolated bacterial symbionts successfully inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum showing the potential of entomopathogenic bacteria as biological control of pathogenic fungi. The present study constitutes the first report of symbiotic bacteria, X. stockiae and P. luminescens akhurstii from Mizoram which contributes to the regional diversity of bacteria. The results emphasized significant toxicity of bacterial isolates against F. oxysporum to a great extent, conveying the prospective of isolates as a sustainable biological control agent in future.
is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. D uring the breeding season, adult male anurans emit species-specific advertisement calls to attract conspecific females (Duellman and Trueb 1986;Wells 2007). Anurans distinguish mates through visual, chemical, or acoustic signals (e.g.,
Planktonic sampling was carried out at Serlui ‘B’ dam, Mizoram, northeast India from July 2016 to April 2017. The present study reported the occurrence of 6 groups of phytoplankton belonging to 27 genera and 16 orders and 4 groups of zooplanktons belonging to 12 genera 7 orders. The phytoplankton group consisted of Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Xanthophyceae. Cyanophyceae were the predominant component of phytoplankton in Serlui ‘B’ dam during all seasons in terms of numerical abundance and account for 64% of the total phytoplankton. The zooplankton groups consisted of Maxillopoda, Tubulinea, Eurotatoria and Branchiopoda. Of these, the class Maxillopoda was the predominant component of zooplankton in Serlui ‘B’ dam during all season in terms of numerical abundance and account for 73% of the total zooplankton encountered from the study site. This study provides preliminary report of planktons of Serlui ‘B’ dam.
Xenodermidae is a generally poorly known lineage of caenophidian snakes found in South, East and Southeast Asia. We report molecular phylogenetic analyses for a multilocus data set comprising all five currently recognised genera and including new mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence data for the recently described Stoliczkia vanhnuailianai. Our phylogenetic results provide very strong support for the non-monophyly of Stoliczkia, as presently constituted, with S. borneensis being more closely related to Xenodermus than to the Northeast Indian S. vanhnuailianai. Based on phylogenetic relationships and morphological distinctiveness, we transfer Stoliczkia borneensis to a new monotypic genus endemic to Borneo, Paraxenodermusgen. nov. We also present new morphological data for P. borneensis.
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