Our findings illustrate the emotional impact of atopic dermatitis and the frustration with the lack of potential cure. 'Corticosteroid phobia' was universal among parents in our cohort and is a fear generated by doctors, pharmacists, close acquaintances and information from the internet. Participants expressed high levels of parental guilt linked to a desire for an eradicable 'cause' for atopic dermatitis, despite intellectually understanding this is a genetically determined condition. Parents were willing to change attitudes with accurate information from perceived reliable sources, positive hospitalization experiences and a relationship with a trusted dermatologist. Parents' suggestions to improve confidence included the provision of readily available information and better access to doctor- and nurse-led paediatric dermatology services.

We propose that CVVC can be confidently diagnosed using the major criteria of a chronic nonspecific and nonerosive vulvovaginitis that includes at least 5 or more properties from the following criteria: soreness, dyspareunia, positive vaginal swab either at presentation or in the past, previous response to antifungal medication, exacerbation with antibiotics, cyclicity, swelling, and discharge. This condition responds reliably to oral antifungal medication.

We found that Pso and PD in children both differ clinically from AD and have identified historical and clinical features that characterise childhood Pso.

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is considered an effective treatment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and many researchers have further investigated factors associated with treatment outcomes. However, few studies have focused on whether treatment intensity and duration have differential influences on separate skills. The aim of the current study was to investigate how treatment intensity and duration impact learning across different treatment domains, including academic, adaptive, cognitive, executive function, language, motor, play, and social. Separate multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate these relationships. Participants included 1468 children with ASD, ages 18 months to 12 years old, M=7.57 years, s.d.=2.37, who were receiving individualized ABA services. The results indicated that treatment intensity and duration were both significant predictors of mastered learning objectives across all eight treatment domains. The academic and language domains showed the strongest response, with effect sizes of 1.68 and 1.85 for treatment intensity and 4.70 and 9.02 for treatment duration, respectively. These findings are consistent with previous research that total dosage of treatment positively influences outcomes. The current study also expands on extant literature by providing a better understanding of the differential impact that these treatment variables have across various treatment domains.

suggests that psoriasis poses a cardiometabolic risk in children, as in adults. The best way to screen for this has not yet been established. Waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) can easily identify children with increased central adiposity and is a simpler alternative to body mass index (BMI) that does not require growth charts or percentiles. Having a WtHR of 0.5 or greater is associated with future cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE To determine whether children with psoriasis are more likely to have increased WtHR, obesity, and metabolic syndrome relative to children without psoriasis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter cross-sectional prospective case-control study was conducted from February 7, 2014, to July 15, 2015, in a tertiary referral center pediatric dermatology clinic and in 2 private consultant rooms of specialist dermatologists, all located in Sydney and Gosford, New South Wales, Australia. Participants were children (110 girls and 98 boys) aged from 5 to 16 years, 135 children with psoriasis and 73 controls with noninflammatory skin conditions. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Increased central adiposity indicated by WtHR of 0.5 or higher, metabolic syndrome, and increased BMI. RESULTS Of the 208 children evaluated (110 girls and 98 boys) aged from 5 to 16 years (mean age, 8.9 years), 135 had psoriasis and 73 were controls with noninflammatory skin conditions. Children with psoriasis were more likely to have increased central adiposity, with WtHR of 0.5 or greater (29% [n = 39] vs 11% [n = 8]; P = .002). Four of 53 children older than 10 years with psoriasis were found to have metabolic syndrome compared with none of 29 in the control group (8% vs 0%; P = .29). Three of 15 children with moderate to severe psoriasis had metabolic syndrome compared with 1 of 38 children with mild psoriasis (20% vs 3%; P = .06). Children with moderate to severe psoriasis had a higher mean WtHR than children with mild psoriasis (0.48 vs 0.46; P = .04). Overweight and obesity according to BMI did not vary significantly between children with psoriasis and controls (17% [n = 23] vs 16% [n = 12]; P = .91). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this Australian cohort of children with psoriasis, elevated WtHR was significantly more common in patients with psoriasis than in controls, while proportions of participants with metabolic syndrome or BMI-determined obesity were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Rosacea in children is not as well described as it is in adults. Ocular signs may be a dominant feature and some children with what has previously been called periorificial dermatitis may in fact have rosacea. We report three cases of paediatric ocular rosacea responding to prolonged treatment with oral erythromycin. Our cases demonstrate the close association of periorificial dermatitis with childhood rosacea, and highlight the importance of eye signs in its diagnostic criteria.

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study to determine the atrophogenic potential of TCS in children with dermatitis requiring long-term TCS suppression. Children who were able to achieve good disease control, with a maximum Eczema Area and Severity Index score of 1.0, using TCS were examined for adverse effects of treatment. Cutaneous atrophy was assessed using a validated dermoscopic technique. Cutaneous sites exposed to TCS were compared with nonexposed sites in all patients. There was no significant atrophy in 70 TCS-exposed and 22 TCS-naïve children. Mild grade 1 telangiectasia of the cubital fossa was observed in 3.3% of the test group and 3.1% of the control group (p > 0.99). We conclude that routine, appropriate, long-term use of TCS in children with dermatitis does not cause skin atrophy. These data do not support the widely held belief that routine use of TCS will "thin the skin." Parents, pharmacists, and health practitioners should be confident about the safety of using this treatment.

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