ARV therapy in HIV patients prolongs the age of HIV patients, but has a contribution to the incidence of kidney disease. Damage to kidney function is not only a result of HIV infection and side effects of ARV treatment but complications of opportunistic infections that can interfere with the functioning of other organs can also affect kidney function. This research aims to determine the results of examination of urea levels and creatinine levels in HIV patients with ARV therapy. This type of research was descriptive with a laboratory test approach. The research was conducted for 1 month, starting from May 1 to June 1, 2018. The population used in this research were all HIV patients with ARV therapy who conducted examinations at Harapan Sentani Health Center during the research period. The samples size were 24 (total sampling). The sample used was serum HIV sufferers with ARV therapy. Methods for examining kidney function include the levels of urea and creatinine used were photometry. The results showed that from 24 samples studied there were normal urea levels of 24 patients (100%) and no urea levels were found to increase or decrease (abnormally), whereas normal creatinine levels were 13 patients (54.3%) and creatinine levels were increased by 11 patients (45.7%). Keywords: HIV patients; ARV therapy; ereum; creatinine ABSTRAK Terapi ARV pada penderita HIV memperpanjang usia pasien HIV, namun memiliki kontribusi terhadap kejadian penyakit ginjal. Kerusakan fungsi ginjal bukan hanya akibat dari infeksi virus HIV dan efek samping dari pengobatan ARV tetapi komplikasi infeksi oportunistik yang dapat mengganggu fungsi organ tubuh yang lain juga bisa berpengaruh terhadap fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pemeriksaan kadar ureum dan kadar kreatinin pada penderita HIV dengan terapi ARV. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan uji laboratorium. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 1 bulan, mulai dari tanggal 01 Mei sampai dengan 01 Juni 2018. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien HIV dengan terapi ARV yang melakukan pemeriksaan di Puskesmas Harapan Sentani selama masa penelitian. Ukuran sampel adalah 24 (total sampling). Sampel yang digunakan adalah serum penderita HIV dengan terapi ARV. Metode pemeriksaan fungsi ginjal antara lain adalah kadar ureum dan kreatinin yang digunakan adalah fotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 24 sampel terdapat kadar ureum normal sebanyak 24 pasien (100%) dan tidak ditemukan kadar ureum yang meningkat atau menurun (abnormal), sedangkan kadar kreatinin yang normal sebanyak 13 pasien (54,3%) dan kadar kreatinin yang meningkat sebanyak 11 pasien (45,7%). Kata kunci: penderita HIV; terapi ARV; ureum; kreatinin
Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by high blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin secretion. Prolonged treatment and therapy carried out by Diabetes Mellitus patients allows damage to the liver, marked by the results of the examination of Serum Glutamic Oxalate Transminase (SGOT) and Serum Glutamic Pyruvit Transminase (SGPT) that are not normal. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of SGOT, SGPT levels and the number of leukocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus at the Wamena Regional General Hospital, Jayawijaya Regency. This research was conducted from March 13 to June 13, 2019. This type of research is a laboratory test. The population used in this study was Diabetes Mellitus sufferers who conducted an examination at the Wamena Regional General Hospital, Jayawijaya Regency. The samples used were serum and EDTA blood of patients with diabetes mellitus. The method of examining serum glutamic oxalate transminase and serum levels of gltamic pyruvit transminase using Sysmex BX-3010 and the number of leukocytes using the Hematology analyzer Mindray BC-3000 method. The results showed that from a total of 30 patients (100%) the samples studied were 25 SGOT and SGPT normal levels (25%), and were found to have increased SGOT and SGPT levels by 5 patients (16%), while the normal Leukocyte count was 25 patients (84%) and the number of leukocytes increased by 10 patients (34%).
Women of reproductive age living with the human immunodeficiency virus (WRALHIV) have many complex problems regarding their disease and status. They have to access Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) as one of the health services where they would receive antiretroviral treatment to optimize their health and improve their quality of life. The study aims to analyze the factors which determine the utilization of VCT for accessing antiretroviral treatment by WRALHIV in West Papua. It was an observational, cross-sectional study. The subject was women of reproductive age (WRA) aged 15-49 years old, receiving antiretroviral treatment at VCT of Hospitals in Manokwari, Sorong, and Fakfak. The total was 140 respondents. Data collection was carried out by interviews using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed statistically using the chi-square and logistic regression tests. Most respondents with high intensity in the utilization of VCT services were aged 15-35 years, graduated from senior high school - university, unemployed, and married. Demographic and predisposing variables were not significantly associated, but there were significant associations between enabling factors (distance) with p value=0.00 and reinforcing factor (social support) with p value=0.03 in the utilization of VCT services by WRALHIV in West Papua, in which the distance was more significant than social support in the utilization of VCT services. The easily accessible distance increases their visitation to VCT. In addition, social support had an impact on increasing the utilization of VCT services, and finally, these may improve WRALHIV quality of life.
Studies have been conducted toxicity tests methanol extract of the fruit green betel (Piper betle. L). The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity (LC50) methanol extract of the fruit green betel (Piper betle L.). Samples are green betel fruit botanicals as much as 150 grams. The study begins with the extraction of crude of sample maceration using methanol solven. Determination of toxicity tests carried out with BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test). Data were analyzed using the percentage of larval mortality probit analysis with MINITAB version 13.2 programs with 95% confidence interval in order to obtain the LC50 values. Results of research betel fruit methanol extract of green indicate LC50 values of 309.17 ppm potential as an antimicrobial for toxic.
Hati sebagai salah satu organ penting pada tubuh manusia memiliki fungsi yaitu memetabolisme zat-zat berbahaya dalam darah termasuk obat-obatan. Keharusan pasien Skizofrenia dalam mengkonsumsi obat dapat memperberat kerja hati, beberapa parameter yang digunakan dalam melihat kerja hati yaitu serum glutamate oksaloasetat transaminase (SGOT) dan serum glutamate piruvat transaminase (SGPT). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui Kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada Pasien Skizofrenia di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah (RSJD) Abepura. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan, dari tanggal 1 April sampai dengan 30 Mei 2018. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan Uji Laboratorium. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pasien Skizofrenia yang dirawat di RSJD Abepura. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 35 orang (total populasi). Sampel darah pasien Skizofrenia diperiksa di Laboratorium Rumah Sakit TK II Marthen Indey Jayapura. Sampel darah yang diambil, dimasukan dalam tabung reaksi, dicentrifuge lalu dibaca hasil dengan menggunakan alat Easy Ra. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari 35 sampel didapat hasil SGOT tinggi sebanyak 94,29%, dengan rata-rata kadar SGOT 70 U/L dan SGPT tinggi sebanyak 74,29%, dengan rata-rata kadar SGPT 62 U/L.
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