Os objetivos deste estudo são estratificar os usuários de um centro de atenção primária segundo o risco de desenvolver diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), utilizando o Escore Finlandês de Risco de Diabetes (Findrisc), e avaliar fatores associados ao risco elevado de desenvolver DM2. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com amostra aleatória de duzentos adultos, não diabéticos, de um centro de saúde escola. Utilizou-se regressão logística para investigar fatores associados ao escore elevado (≥ 15 pontos) no Findrisc. Observou-se que 33,5% apresentavam risco discretamente aumentado, 17% risco moderado e 34,5% risco alto/muito alto para desenvolver DM2. Aqueles com menor escolaridade (OR: 3,21; IC: 1,52-6,77) e com histórico de hipercolesterolemia (OR: 2,47; IC: 1,27-4,81) exibiram maior chance de apresentar escore elevado. Em conclusão, a frequência de indivíduos com risco alto/muito alto de desenvolver DM2 foi elevada na população estudada, e o menor nível de escolaridade e o histórico de hipercolesterolemia estavam associados ao escore elevado no Findrisc.
The objectives of the present study were to investigate the frequencies of hyperprolactinemia and hypozincemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), the associations between blood levels of zinc (Zn2+) and hormones, and dietary zinc intake amount and its relation to zincemia. We studied 28 patients (14 HD and 14 CAPD) who had their blood levels of Zn2+, prolactin (PRL), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and gonadotropins (LH, FSH) evaluated. Thirteen patients had dietary nutrient amounts evaluated from a 3-d nutritional record. Hyperprolactinemia occurred in 29% patients (HD = CAPD), hypozincemia in 62% (20% HD and 42% CAPD), and low dietary Zn2+ intake in 90% of patients. No correlation among blood concentration of Zn2+ and PRL, PTH, LH, and FSH were observed in the two modalities of dialysis or between zincemia and Zn2+ ingestion. We concluded that the occurrence of hyperprolactinemia and hypozincemia were not related to dialysis modality and that zincemia did not reflect the observed low dietary intake of Zn2+.
CHARACTERIZATION OF DIETARY INTAKE OF FRUIT, VEGETABLES AND LEGUMES BY ADULTS IN PRIMARY CARE Inadequate diet and insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes are related to higher prevalence of non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and some cancer types. The complexity of determinants related to this situation has required the development of investigations that can expand scientific knowledge concerning the different aspects involved. Non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations have multifactor etiology and share various changeable risk factors, among which is inadequate diet, with distinction to insufficient intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes. Considering the importance of this food group to general health and to the reduction of non-transmittable chronic diseases and aggravations, the present study aimed at describing the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes and at identifying the factors associated with such intake in an adult population of users of a public primary health care service. In order to describe the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes, a 24-hour recall was used, and a method of adjustment for energetic intake was performed. A form specifically designed for the present study, guided by a theoretical model for determination of individual adults' dietary behavior, was used to collect socioeconomic and anthropometric data as well as information concerning the factors potentially associated with the intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes. The studied population predominantly consisted of poorly educated middleaged overweight women with a high prevalence of chronic diseases. The mean daily intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes, adjusted for energy, was equal to 281.3 grams, and the mean percentage of energy in the diet provided by this dietary group was equal to 8.7%. Of the evaluated individuals, 40.9% reached the World Health Organization recommendation for minimum intake equal to 9% of the total energy in the diet. The intake of fruit, vegetables and legumes (in percentage of energy) was associated with gender, and the highest intake was observed among women; with nutritional status, the highest value being observed in overweight individuals; and with participation in individual nutritional Abstract care as compared to non-participants. In the studied population, a higher mean intake was observed as compared to that found for representative samples of the Brazilian population, which was possibly due to the older age and altered health conditions of the individuals, who used the health care service more frequently, were more exposed to nutritional approaches and more susceptible to dietary changes. It is concluded that actions are necessary in order to encourage the intake of this dietary group by younger, less educated, male users who do not participate in individual actions for dietary advice, which would require, in addition to the enhancement of strategies targeted at users, the development of actions ...
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